Bell Ringer Write down one question you want
Bell Ringer: �Write down one question you want to ask a prospected Superintendent.
WWII APUSH
Today’s Objective: �Take notes and complete written activity on America’s responses to aggression.
Rise of Nationalism (8: 15)
New Deal –WWII Presidents n Franklin D. Roosevelt– 1933 -1945 (died in office) �New Deal, Neutrality policy, WWII involvement after Pearl Harbor Attack 12/7/41 n Harry S. Truman– 1945 -1953 �FDR’s VP, Decision to drop 2 atomic bombs on Japan ended the war in the Pacific.
Problems in Europe After WWI Great Depression • Economic = people were jobless • Political = weak governments could not solve problems in their countries………. . Fear of Jews and Communists • Social = times of unrest people look for a leader.
• Power of government rests in one man. • TOTAL POWER • No freedoms in society…. . • Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain groups…… • Government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life. • Handles the problems of the people. • Security over Freedom?
Growing Military Power Chapter 17, Section 3 Democracy in Crisis Rise of Nationalism • After World War I, • Several radical groups Japan had established formed in response to a parliamentary the government’s government and perceived weaknesses. granted many citizens • Radicals demanded an the right to vote. end to Western-style • When economic institutions and a return conditions worsened to traditional ways. during the 1920 s, many • These radicals Japanese became assassinated several dissatisfied with business and political multiparty democratic leaders, hoping to force government. the military to take over
Japan Invades Manchuria 1931
• 1931 into Manchuria • 1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia • 1937, U. S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China…. . • 1940 invades Indochina
1. 1931 ---Japan invades Manchuria, WWII begins in Asia • US and League of Nations demands Japan to get out---Stimson Doctrine 2. 1935 ---Italy invades Ethiopia • L/N demands Italy to get out—No US sale of weapons • L/N demands Germany to get out---US Neutrality and refuses to sell arms to Germany • US Neutrality----Spain becomes a fascist dictatorship • US neutral but demands Japan to withdraw and refuses to sell iron, steel and gasoline products • Munich Conference--Great Britain and France give into Hitler, Appeasement US Neutral but FDR writes a letter to Hitler & Mussolini asking them to guarantee no more aggression. 3. 1936 ---Hitler invades the Rhineland 4. 1937 to 1939 ---Spanish Civil War 5. 1937 ---Japan invades China 6. 1938 --Hitler takes Sudetenland •
• 1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries. • 1936: forbid loans to all belligerents • 1937: “Cash and Carry” Carry principle: all nations must pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the goods in their own vessels
• 1939: prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of belligerent nations • 1940: Lend Lease program offered to Great Britain…. U. S. becomes the “arsenal of democracy” • FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for war…. .
atlantic 1 • FDR and Winston Churchill meet on the USS Augusta in the North Atlantic to sign the Atlantic Charter, August 12, 1941. • They met together to make known certain common principles of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world.
FIRST, freedom of speech and expression, everywhere in the world. SECOND, freedom of every person to worship God in his own way, everywhere in the world. THIRD, freedom from want, which translated into world terms, economic and healthy peace time life, everywhere in the world. FOURTH, freedom from fear, worldwide reduction of armaments, everywhere in the world. Other things FDR stated: • The world order is to seek cooperation of free countries, in a friendly civilized society. • Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. • FDR’s speech to Congress in Jan. 1941 describing the threat the Axis Powers. • FDR believed American security was seriously threatened and believed the struggle was over American democracy.
7. 1938, Hitler takes Czechoslovakia • Cannot trust “the words of a dictator” 8. Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invades Poland which begins WWII in Europe • Britain & France declare war on Germany on Sept. 1, 1939. US neutral, extends Cash and Carry Policy to Allies 9. 1940 ---Hitler’s inasion of Norway, Denmark, Holland Belgium • US neutral--freezes German assets-begins military buildup 10. 1940 ---Hitler takes France • US neutral, begins peacetime draft— Selective Service 11. 1940 ---Japan’s invades Indochina • US neutral but demands withdrawal and freezes Japanese money, property and embargo of oil, iron and steel. 12. 1940 ---Hitler attacks Great Britain • US neutral but extends Lend Lease policy to Great Britain—last Democratic Nation —Battle of Britian US becomes the arsenal of democracy
lend lease The US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after Hitler’s invasion in 1941 and China. The US became the “arsenal of democracy”.
U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, “ US becomes the arsenal of democracy” Great Britain. . . $31 billion Soviet Union. . . . $11 billion France. . . . . $ 3 billion China. . . . . $1. 5 billion Other European. . . . $500 million South America. . . . . $400 million The amount totaled: $48, 601, 365, 000
WPS �Should’ve the U. S. done anything different to prevents the atrocities in WWII? Explain. �By agreeing with the Lend Lease act did FDR think that he was inevitably entering America into the War? Explain why or why not. �Share with a partner.
Video Activity: �As you watch this video write a paragraph including the following. �What kind of emotions do you feel watching the video? �What does the video make you think of the Japanese? �If you lived during this time period would this have made you change your opinion of Japanese? Why or why not?
Pearl Harbor (25 min)
Partner Discussion: �Discuss what you wrote with a partner.
• In less than 2 hours, the Pacific Fleet lost two battleships, six others were heavily battered and nearly a dozen lesser vessels put of action. • More than 150 planes were wrecked; over 2, 300 servicemen were killed and 1, 100 wounded. • 18 Army Aircorps aircraft including bombers and fighters and attack bombers were destroyed or damaged on the ground.
• Over half the U. S. Pacific fleet was out to sea, including the carriers. • 18 Army Aircorps aircraft including bombers and fighters and attack bombers were destroyed or damaged on the ground. • A few U. S. fighters struggled into the air against the invaders and gave a good account of themselves. • A total of twenty-nine Japanese aircraft were shot down by ground fire and U. S pilots from various military installations on Oahu.
JAPANESE EXPANSION • Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor • US declares war on Japan 1942 • Philippines • Bataan Death March map/japan
Bataan Death March: April, 1942 • Approximately 80, 000 US and Filipino troops [12, 000 Americans] surrendered to the Japanese and were forced to march 60 miles to Camp O’Donnell. • Several thousand died along the way from atrocities committed by the Japanese soldiers.
Bataan Death March “I was questioned by a Japanese officer, who found out that I had been in a Philippine Scout Battalion. The (Japanese) hated the Scouts… anyway, they took me outside and I was forced to watch as they buried six of my Scouts alive. They made the men dig their own graves, and then had them kneel down in a pit. The guards hit them over the head with shovels to stun them and piled earth on top. ” Lieutenant John Spainhower.
Quick Write �Imagine you are living in America at this time. You just previously witnessed the devastation at Pearl Harbor and now you heard about the atrocities of the Bataan Death March. What kind of views or opinions might you have created about the Japanese people? Could these new opinions lead to discrimination in America?
Internment Camps: (16 min)
America’s Media Japanese Justified or not?
• 1944 Supreme Court case, Korematsu vs. U. S. , affirmed the constitutionality of this terrible act. • It took more than 40 years later before the U. S. admitted fault and began to make $20, 000 reparations to camp survivors
Exit Slip: �Was the Executive order 9066 a correct decision to make for the American people? Explain why or why not?
Today’s Objective: �Take notes on important ideas & events of WWII.
Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly” TURNING POINT BATTLES 1942 • Allied invasion of North Africa • El Alamein
The North Africa Campaign: The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst Rommel, The “Desert Fox” Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery (“Monty”)
Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly” TURNING POINT BATTLES 1942 • Allied invasion of North Africa • El Alamein 1943 • Battle of Stalingrad
The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] : Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” § Germans trapped in Tunisia - surrender over 275, 000 troops § George S. Patton leads American troops § First time Allied powers were in mainland Europe since Dunkirk. § Captured Rome and the assassination of Mussolini and knocking Italy out of the fight.
Operation Overlord �June 6, 1944 �Normandy beaches �More than 3 million troops.
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”] US General Dwight Eisenhower was chosen by the Big 3 at the Tehran Conference (Nov. 28 -Dec. 1, 1943) as the Supreme Allied Commander and was responsible for the D-Day Invasion.
Operation Overload! �Both Germany and Allied armies new that they needed to find a way to inter Northern Europe. � 3 million soldiers gather in Southern England. �Operation Bodyguard: Misleading information of were Allied forces were going to land. (Patton and has fake army) �For 6 months soldier's prepared for the largest amphibious invasion ever. � Hitler finds out about location and send Ernest Rommel to fortify Normandy, forcing invasion to move sooner than planed.
Heroes of D-Day � 101 st Airborne Rangers. Parachuting into capture the bridges to unite Omaha and Utah. � 5 th Ranger Battalion. Had to capture a strategic German artillery spot between Utah and Omaha beach. To capture Pointe Du Hoc they had to climb 100 ft cliff.
101 st Airborne
On June 22, 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the "Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944" “GI Bill of Rights” Rights
• Help veterans adjust to civilian life after separation from service • Gain higher education if you couldn’t afford one • Restore lost educational opportunities because of military service. • Enhance our nation through a more
GI Bill provided 6 benefits • education and training • Loans for a home, farm, or business • unemployment pay of $20 a week for 52 weeks • job-finding assistance Eligible for GI Bill Benefits WWII veteran, served 90 days or more after September 16, 1940 and a honorable discharge. Program ended July 25, 1956 • Of the 15, 440, 000 veterans, some 7. 8 million were trained. Total cost of the • 2, 230, 000 in college World War II • 3, 480, 000 in other schools education • 1, 400, 000 in on-job trainingprogram was • 690, 000 in farm training $14. 5 billion.
Home front WWII
War Production Board (WPB) �U. S. huge supplies of iron ore, coal, and oil as well as idle manufacturing plants. U. S. production exploded in WWI supplying ally forces. �Henry Ford’s assembly line concept used in WWII. �Liberty Ships: (The Model T of ships) �Before: Over 1 year �Now: 5 days.
Rosie The Riveter
Rosie the Riveter • Women manned the factories while the men went off to fight. • This helped lay the foundation for women’s rights in the work world and helped us win the war…. .
The decisions at the Yalta Conference shaped the post WWII world. Many agreements were made but the lasting effect was: “You cannot trust the words of a dictator”. DECISIONS MADE AT YALTA Yalta ·Created a United Nations to promote world peace. ·Germany and Berlin would be divided into 4 zones controlled by the US, British, France and Soviet Union ·Eastern European countries under Soviet control would have “free elections” ·Stalin agreed but kept Eastern Europe under Soviet control after WWII leading to the Cold War…. . War
V-E Day � Battle of the Bulge: Although breaking through the American lines at first. The allied forces eventually fought off the German invasion and they were forced to retreat. (Last major European Battle. ) � V-E Day May 7 1945: After the suicide of Hitler. General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich of German military. V-E Day= Victory in Europe day.
WPS �What led to the defeat of Germany the most? Explain. �Find a partner and share:
• After Pearl Harbor and four months of defeat in the Pacific, • FDR asked military leaders to strike back at the heart of Japan. • FDR wanted to boost American morale. Lt. Col. Jimmy Doo. Little • Show the USA was capable of retaliation against an unprovoked attack.
JAPANESE EXPANSION • Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor • US declares war on Japan. 1942 • Philippines • Bataan Death March • Guam • Malaya • New Guinea • Threatening Australia and Hawaii map/japan
heard the plan. The Battle of Midway � At the Battle of Coral Sea, the Yorktown and the Lexington fended off a Japanese attack on New Guinea and preserved Australia. � Code-breakers learned of plan to attack Midway � Admiral Nimitz used this as an opportunity to ambush the Japanese fleet. � Japanese planes were hit with Fighting at the Battle of antiaircraft fire, shooting down 38 Midway planes. � Japan lost 100 pilots which hurt their Air War. American planes caught carriers by surprise their fuel, bombs, and aircraft were exposed. � Four Japanese carriers were sunk, destroying the heart of the navy. � This hit the Japanese hard—it halted Japanese expansion in the Badly damaged Pacific. It was their Stalingrad. � Code-breakers Yorktown
Japanese Kamikaze Planes: The Scourge of the South Pacific Kamikaze Pilots NThe last 2 years of the war, the Japanese resorted to “suicidal bombers” or Kamikaze bombers to destroy the American Navy. NApproximately 2, 800 Kamikaze attackers sunk 34 Navy ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4, 900 sailors, and wounded over 4, 800.
map/japan TURNING POINT BATTLES 1944 • (Japanese Gamble) Battle of Leyete Gulf, recaptured the Philippines 1945 • Iwo Jima and Okinawa • Put the US 500 miles from mainland Japan • Began bombing mainland Japan
US Marines on Mt. Surbachi, Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945] �After capturing the Islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, America was now in reach of Japan. �Shortly after America begins bombing areas of Japan.
Today’s Objective: �Complete FRQ outline on aspects of WWII.
A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U. S. scientists to build an atomic bomb. Started in 1940…. . By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built. 1 bomb = 20, 000 tons of TNT One would be set off in New Mexico successfully.
Big Three • Churchill, Truman and Stalin meet in Potsdam, Germany in July 1945. • Truman informed of successful test of bomb. • Demanded unconditional surrender from Japanese or a new weapon would be used.
Arguments for use Arguments opposed � Japanese refused to surrender. � Atomic bombs were untested and their destruction unknown � Estimated an invasion worse then D-Day was needed to end war. � Estimated Japan’s empire would last 2 years. � Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million or more men with huge Japanese losses. � Japanese leadership was told of the destructive power of the bomb � Offered a period to surrender but declined. � Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not major military targets. � Those killed in the attacks would be Japanese civilians. � Radiation poisoning would have negative effects on the population. � Nuclear weapons would set a precedent that using weapons of mass destruction was allowable in war
Historical Argument (719) �Read the document and complete thinking critically part.
WPS �Is it correct to say that the bomb did not change the character of the warfare against civilians, but only its scope? Explain: �If you were president of the United States during this time would you have decided to drop the Atomic bomb? Explain why or why not:
map/japan
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Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 § 70, 000 killed immediately § 48, 000 buildings. destroyed. § 100, 000 s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.
“My President Harry Truman fellow Americans, the British, Chinese and United States governments have given the Japanese people adequate warning of what is in store for them. The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. If Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war industries and unfortunately thousands of civilian lives will be lost. I urge Japanese civilians to leave industrial
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Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 § 40, 000 killed immediately § 60, 000 injured. § 100, 000 s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.
- Slides: 80