Bell Ringer Why do we need to breathe

Bell Ringer • Why do we need to breathe? • Why do we breathe more when exercising?

Cellular respiration • The process the body goes through to get ______ out of the ____ we eat. • All living things perform some type of cellular respiration!!! Cellular Respiration If oxygen is available If oxygen is NOT available Two types

Aerobic Respiration – releasing energy using oxygen 1. Where does cellular respiration happen? 2. What are the reactants? 3. What are the products 4. What is made that we use? 5. Does aerobic cellular respiration happen in plants, animals or both? Overall equation Identify each of the following as a requirement or an end product of cellular respiration. ____________ Water (H 2 O) ____________ Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) ____________ Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) ____________ Oxygen (O 2) ____________ Chemical Energy (ATP)

Aerobic respiration happens in 3 stages: Where? _______ (no oxygen needed) 2. _______ (oxygen needed) 3. _________ (oxygen needed) 1. Stage 1 – Glycolysis glyco 1 glucose lysis ___ ATP made glucose splitting (4 made but 2 used) Chemical reaction Glycolysis splits glucose in two. AND electrons and H+ sent to step 3 on 2 pyruvic acid NADH

Stage 2 – _______ • This only happens when oxygen is present • The pyruvic acid made in glycolysis (stage 1) still contains a lot of ____ • In the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down to release more energy – __________ is given off as “waste” – Sends ____ and __________ to stage 3 (NADH and FADH 2)

Stage 2 – Kreb cycle pyruvic acid Chemical reaction ___ATP made 1. _________ (we breathe out) 1. ______ & _____ (go to ETC carrying H+ and excited electrons)

Stage 3 – ________ (ETC) • This only happens when oxygen is present • ___ and __________ (on FADH 2 and NADH) were “created” in the Krebs Cycle (stage 2) go to the electron transport chain. • In the electron transport chain, these excited electrons are used to make ___ ATP. • At the end of it all…these electrons are “caught” by the ______ you breathe in. – This causes oxygen to become water

STAGES Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen) 1 2 3 36% efficiency!!

So all we eat is Glucose? NO!

Anaerobic Respiration (in animals) anaerobic = in the absence of _____

In _______ oxygen conditions or during heavy exercise, when not enough _____ can be supplied, muscle cells swap to anaerobic respiration (also called fermentation)

Anaerobic Respiration glycolysis still happens as it does not require oxygen glucose 2 ADP + 2 P 2 ATP pyruvic acid _______

Cellular Respiration Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration Aerobic Is oxygen used? Is glucose a requirement (substrate)? Amount of energy released Does it produce lactic acid? (makes you sore!) Produces alcohol and carbon dioxide (bread and wine) Where in the cell does it happen? Does it happen in animals? Does is happen in plants? Anaerobic

Two types of anaerobic respiration Lactic-Acid Fermentation Does it use oxygen? Is glucose a requirement (substrate)? What organisms do it? Where in the cell does this happen? What does it make (give off) Characteristics or uses of product Alcohol Fermentation