Bell Ringer When and where did the Industrial

Bell Ringer �When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Use Chapter 19 Section 1! #1

Chapter 19 Section 1 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Great Britain 1780 s �Started Industrial Revolution � 5 Reasons to why it started in Great Britain

G. B. Contributing Factors Better farming practices 1. More food (potatoes) Money for manufactured goods Population growth 2. Large labor force Ready supply of capital 3. Capital- $ to invest in machines & factories Entrepreneurs- person interested in finding new business opportunities

G. B. Contributing Factors Con’t 4. Natural resources 5. Rivers- Water Power & Transportation Coal & iron ore. Manufacturing Huge colonial empire Markets- places to sell goods

18 th – 19 th c. Changes in Cotton �Cottage industry- spinning and weaving in own home New inventions brought workers to factories; flying shuttle � 1782 - James Watt improved the steam engine so it could drive machinery �Import of Cotton 1760 - 2. 5 mil lbs 1787 - 22 mil lbs 1840 - 366 mil lbs

18 th – 19 th c. Coal and Iron �Steam engine ran on coal ↑ (increased) coal production �Puddling- process of burning away impurities in crude iron Better quality of iron �Iron production 1740 - 17, 000 tons 1780 - 70, 000 tons 1852 - 3 mil tons

19 th c. Railroads � 1804 - 1 st steam-powered � 1830 - The Rocket- first public train Liverpool to Manchester �Railroad Track 1840 - 2, 000 miles 1850 - 6, 000 miles �New jobs, cheap transportation

Factories �New labor system Shift work �Behavioral expectations On time Fired for being drunk Child workers beaten

Bell Ringer �Who was Karl Marx? Use Chapter 19 Section 1! #2

Chapter 19 Section 1 Cont. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The Spread of Industrialization �Mid 19 th c. �Britain was the 1 st and richest industrial nation Europe �Belgium, France, and Germany �Government paid for infrastructure

Spread of Industrialization Cont. United States �Farmers 1800 - 6/7 of laborers 1860 - ½ of laborers �Increase in population �Transportation Railroads Steamboat (1807) �Factory workers = women/girls/

The Clermont 1 st Steamboat

Social Impact in Europe �I. R. drastically changed the social life of Europe �Growth of cities �Emergence of two new social classes Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class

Growth of Population and Cities �European Population 1750 - 140 mil 1850 -266 mil More food �European Cities Home to industries 50% of G. B. population lived in cities (1850) Terrible living conditions

The Industrial Middle Class �Industrial Capitalism - economic system based on industrial production Produced the industrial middle class Built factories, bought machines, understood markets

The Industrial Working Class �Terrible working conditions � 12 -16 hr work days � 6 days a week �No employment security �No minimum wage �Women and Children 2/3 rd of laborers Factory Act of 1833 � Minimum age of 9

Early Socialism �Socialism- government owns and controls some means of production Factories �Wanted to replace competition with cooperation �Karl Marx

Bell Ringer �What is Liberalism? Use Chapter 19 Section 2! #3

Chapter 19 Section 2 REACTION AND REVOLUTION

The Conservative Order �Conservatism Political philosophy based on tradition and social stability �Viewed religion as important �Hated revolution

The Conservative Order �Consort of Europe G. B. , Russia, Prussia, Austria, and France Agreed to future meetings to maintain peace �Principle of Intervention Countries could intervene when revolutions threatened monarchies An alliance between monarchies

Forces of Change �Liberalism Political philosophy based on Enlightenment principles People should be as free from government restraint as possible Civil rights should be guaranteed � Freedom of assembly, speech, and press � Based on US Bill of Rights Religious toleration and separation of church and state

Forces of Change �Nationalism Common institutions, language, traditions, customs Each nationality should have its own government Liberals supported the nationalists

Primary Ideologies- Use Notes and Book Conservatism Liberalism Nationalism

Bell Ringer �What is militarism? Use Chapter 19 Section 3! #4

Chapter 19 Section 3 NATIONALISM

Breakdown of Concert of Europe �Austria and Russia Enemies Both wanted Balkans �Russia withdrew from European affairs �Austria had no friends �Opened door to Italian and German unification

Nationalism in Italy �Italian Peninsula was controlled by Austria �Italy allied with France to provoke a fight with Austria �Giuseppe Garibaldi. Italian patriot “Red Shirts” Took over Peninsula �Unified Italy

Nationalism in Germany � Aided by Prussia’s Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck Realpolitik- politics of reality (not theory or ethics) Militarism- reliance on military strength � Prussia and German states became allies Defeated the French in 1870 in the Franco Prussian War Germany Confederation became the most powerful in Europe

Nationalism in Great Britain � 1832 - More male voters �Industrial Middle Class Continuous economic growth �Queen Victoria, 1837 - 1901 Longest in English history Victorian Age

Nationalism in France �Louis-Napoleon, 1848 Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte Restore empire �Voted on by people of France 97% yes Dec. 2, 1852 -70 Emperor Napoleon III �Authoritarian �Ended after Prussian defeat

Bell Ringer #5 �Which four other nations (besides Italy, Germany, France, and Great Britain) experienced a surge of nationalism during the mid- to late-1800 s? �Use Chapter 19 Section 3!

Nationalism in the Austrian Empire �Multinational Many nations within the empire �Defeated by Prussia, 1866 �Compromise of 1867 Dual Monarchy Austria-Hungary Separate constitutions, legislatures, government, and capitals � Vienna, Austria � Budapest, Hungary

Nationalism in Russia �Early 19 th c- Rural Little impact from the Industrial Revolution �Czar Alexander II �Emancipation- freed serfs, 1861 �Conservatives wanted less reform while Liberals wanted more reform Caused conflict Resulted in nothing getting accomplished

Nationalism in the United States �Divided on the issue of slavery Banned import of slaves in 1808 1800 - 1 million slaves 1860 - 4 million slaves �South depended on slave labor for cotton �North called for Abolition (end slavery) � 1860 - South secedes (formal withdrawal from a nation) �American Civil War (1861 -1865) Emancipation Proclamation- freed slaves in Confederate territory 13 th Amendment- abolished slavery in all of US �Confederacy lost and rejoined the Union

Europe 1815

Europe 1850

Europe 1871

Europe 1913

Bell Ringer �What did Thomas Alva Edison invent? �What did Alexander Graham Bell invent? Use Chapter 20 Section 1! #6

Chapter 20 Sections 1 -2 THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY & THE EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIETY

2 nd Industrial Revolution �Steel Bessemer Processtechnique used to turn iron into steel � Mass production of steel �Electricity Thomas Edison- perfected the incandescent light bulb � Established power plants to generate electricity

2 nd Industrial Revolution �Steel Andrew Carnegie- Carnegie Steel Company � Created a monopoly (no competition) on steel in the US � Vertical Integrationowning supply, manufacturing, and distribution companies � Horizontal Integrationbuying competing companies �Social Darwinism- strongest businesses survive

2 nd Industrial Revolution �Electricity Made industry grow � Shift work (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd) Led to the invention of appliances � Toaster, Made travel cheaper � Street washer, razor, etc cars, subways, etc Alexander G. Bell- invented the telephone Transcontinental Railroad - connected eastern US to western US

Changes in Travel �Street Cars San Francisco 1873 �Bridges Brooklyn Bridge 1883 �Subways New York City 1897 �Airplane Orville and Wilbur Wright 1 st flight at Kitty Hawk, NC 1903, 120 ft, 12 sec.

Education and Women �State funded schools Increase in literacy �Women’s Rights Movement Suffrage (right to vote) Feminism- movement for women’s rights More job opportunities � Clerks, secretaries Fewer children

Spread of Mass Culture �American Leisure Amusement parks � Roller coaster and Ferris wheel Bicycling, tennis Theater Boxing, baseball Snack foods- Hershey Bar and Coca Cola

Trade (Labor) Unions �Trade (Labor) Unions Organized workers in the same type of industry � Steel, coal, textile, etc. Worked together to improve conditions of laborers � Safety, hours, pay, etc. Strike- form of protest to promote union goals � Employees did not work unless the employers met their demands