Bell Ringer What is represented in the following

• Bell Ringer: What is represented in the following cartoon and who seems to be involved?

Why was Representation an major issue at the Philadelphia convention? Unit 2. 10 Vocabulary Great Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise

What were the disagreements about compromise? • All but PA and GA had bicameral legislatures (two houses) • VA plan controversy was over proportional representation

Madison, Wilson and King Opposing side • Representation in both houses determined by population • Gov’t that acted on and represented the people should give equal voting power to equal numbers • Madison said states should not be represented at Fed, but representatives should serve districts, and connect people of district to Fed Gov’t • Equal representation as in the Articles • Fed gov’t derives from and represents states not people • Did not want states with larger populations to overpower smaller states • Wanted an equal voice for all states

New Jersey Plan… “Plans ahh heeere!” William Paterson - NJ plan June 5, 1787 • Congress has one House as in Confederation – Power to levy and collect duties and stamp taxes – Power to regulate interstate and global trade – Power to make laws as supreme law of the land; states could not create conflicting laws • Executive: made up of several persons appointed by Congress – Power to administer national laws, appoint execs, direct military operations • Supreme court appointed by Executive Branch – Power to decide cases involving treaties, trade and collect taxes

Results of NJ plan debate and vote • Introduced after VA plan and many wanted new stronger government • NJ acted on states and individuals and was not the stronger answer • It was not accepted and the unicameral National legislature was scrapped but representation in bicameral legislature was hotly debated (and almost made the Convention a failure). • A committee was assigned to hammer out the details

Committee =Great Compromise • House if Reps develops all bills for taxation and gov’t spending • Senate accepts or rejects bills later changed to allow them to amend taxes and develop appropriation bills

What does this mean? • Small states get equal representation in Senate • Large states get control of House or Representatives • Madison and several others disagree, fearing senate was going to be weak like A of C • Some smaller states were suspicious but it passed by one vote • WHAT DO YOU THINK? P. 76

New states • Northwest Ordinance stated states had to be added with same provisions as original 13 equal representation in congress • Delegates decided a Census needed to be done every 10 years to reapportion or reallocate seats in the house based on population shifts