Bell Ringer What is DDT Can you spell

Bell Ringer • What is DDT? Can you spell the chemical name? – Poison, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane • Define Biological Magnification – Increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web • Who is affected the most in a food chain by Biological Magnification? – Top Predator!

Relationships in Ecosystems and Communities What Shapes an Ecosystem?

NICHE-The physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions. Ecological Niche Example: Student Niche Example: Things that define you! It’s place in the food chain How it obtains that food Where you live. What it eats. What you eat. How it reproduces Who you hang out with. Where does it live? Who your family is. . Your mode of daily transportation. What your hobbies are. What interests you…. etc….

Community Interactions • There are 3 main ways in which organisms interact: – Competition – Predation – Symbiosis

Competition • Organisms of the same or different species attempting to use the same resource at the same place and time. • Ex: Two species of lizard in the desert who eat the same insect.

Predation • An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism. – Predator: organism that does the killing – Prey: organism that gets killed.

Battle at Kruger National Park South Africa • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=LU 8 DDYz 68 k. M

Symbiosis • The close association between two or more different organisms of different species • Three relationships: Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Mutualism • A relationship between different species in which each member benefits. (+, +)

Examples of Mutualism • Tickbirds perched on a black rhinoceros get food and help the rhino get rid of pests

More Examples of Mutualism • Some types of fungi grow on the roots of plants and release an acid that changes minerals in the soil into forms that plants can use.

More Examples of Mutualism • You and a species of bacteria that lives in your intestines benefit each other! The bacteria get a plentiful food supply from you and in return you get vitamins that the bacteria produce.

Commensalism • Relationship between different species in which one benefits without harming or helping the other. (+, o)

Examples of Commensalism • Barnacles attached to a gray whale gain a home and transportation to areas with food while leaving the whale unaffected. www. bigsurcalifornia. org/ images 2/graywhl. jpg

Examples of Commensalism • Remoras hitch a ride and feed on scraps of food left by sharks. The remoras benefit from this relationship while sharks are unaffected.

More Examples of Commensalism • Orchids receive more sunlight for photosynthesis if they grow high on tree branches. The orchid plants are helped by the tree. The tree gets nothing in return from the orchids. tree-species. blogspot. com

Parasitism • Relationship between different species in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. (+, -) • The organism that benefits is called the parasite. • The organism that is harmed is called the host.

Parasitism (cont. ) • The parasite gets nourishment from its host, which is weakened in the process. Sometimes a host organism becomes so weak that it dies. • Some parasites, such as ticks, live outside the host’s body. • Other parasites, such as tapeworms, live inside the host’s body.

Examples of Parasitism The flagellate parasite, Giardia Lamblia, lives in the digestive tracts of humans and other vertebrates causing diarrhea and severe stomach cramps. Giardia live in water and hikers may drink the infected water. http: //liberty. state. nj. us/dep/dwq/images/stream. gif

More Examples of Parasitism A flea uses the blood of the rabbit for nourishment. www. arun. gov. uk

More Examples of Parasitism • Lampreys attach to fish causing sores. dnr. wi. gov www. sprol. com www. cfb. ie

Symbiotic Relationship Activity Example: On a piece of paper……# from 1 to 15 Your Organism – Other Organism/Students. Name 1. Sea Anemone 2. Hook Worm 3. Timon Type of Symbiotic Relationship Clown Fish - Alex Commensalism Animal Intestine - Amanda Parasitism Pumbaa - Scott Mutualism

Identify the Type of Symbiosis • On the following slides, you will be shown descriptions of relationships between two organisms. For each one, decide which type of symbiosis is being described and explain your reasoning.

Which Type of Symbiosis? • The living corals near the surface of the water provide a home for the algae. The algae produce food through photosynthesis that is used by the corals. Mutualism

Which Type of Symbiosis? • A Tick embedded in the skin of a dog. Parasitism www. sciencemusings. com

Which Type of Symbiosis? The Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) is often found in pastures holding horses and cattle. As the livestock graze, insects are stirred up by their movement and this provides nourishment for the egrets. Commensalism

Which Type of Symbiosis? • A female wasp lays eggs in the caterpillar. When the eggs hatch they eat the caterpillar alive! Parasitism

Which Type of Symbiosis? • One kind of flagellate lives in the guts of termites and Mutualism digests the cellulose in the wood that the termites eat. Without the protozoa, the termites could not completely digest the cellulose.

Which Type of Symbiosis? The Great Burdock (Arctium lappa) has spines on the seeds that curve upward which allow the seeds to attach themselves on the fur of passing animals. The plant benefits by having its seeds disperse in a large area and the animals are really not affected. Commensalism

Symbiotic Relationship Activity