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BELL RINGER! * Re me mbe r: Bell R ing ers a re wort h 5 p oints e ach and turned in at the end of e ve ry uni t! They c annot b e ma de up if y ou are absent. • Is unemployment a personal or public issue? Explain. • How about obesity? Personal or public? Explain. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=BINK 6 r 1 Wy 7 8
SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION • C. Wright Mills- The Sociological Imagination (1959) – Task of sociology is to realize that individual circumstances are linked to the structure of society • Allows sociologists to focus on the common behaviors of groups of people not just the individual!
SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Components of SI: 1. History: How societies come to be, change, and make history 2. Biography: What kinds of people live in a particular society 3. Social Structure: The power structure of groups and institutions within a society.
SOCIAL SCIENCES • Sociology is considered a social science • Social sciences study of the social feature of humans and the ways in which they interact and change. • Social Sciences include: – Anthropology – Psychology – Economics – History – Political Science
HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY
AUGUSTE COMTE (1798 -1857) • Founder of Sociology • Coined the term sociology in 1838 • Ideas: ot n an ely c u let d a n’t o Y mp tan do co ers ou ry. y to d un ce if his n its e i sc now k – Theoretical science of society and investigation of behavior were needed to improve society – Different from natural sciences; comparative historical method (makes sociology unique)
KARL MARX (1818 -1883) • Widely known for economic theories, but primarily a social reformer (wanted change!) • Ideas: n r ow i e h t ake t under g m Men ry…bu existin histo tances n and ms , give ast. u p c r i e c th ady alre ed from mitt s n tra – A person’s social standing at birth determined the quality of his/her life and opportunities – Those who control the means of production will exploit the working class for their own financial gain – Imbalance of power leads to class struggle and, eventually, revolution!
HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802 -1876) • Considered the first female sociologist • Ideas: f on o ass i s s l ogre f any c , r p The ation o lways ncip , if not a ugh the a m e ro ally of usu place th iduals iv s take ts of ind ss. a r effo that cl – Noted inequalities in social class, gender and race – Criticized slavery from both moral and economic standpoints; supported abolition of slavery – Strongly criticized the state of education of women ale fem …is f o m… merica u s The on in A en to e om cati s th edu aining w riage a o tr nd t ar a m , r e f not side ct in li o n d o c obje at they e l o s d th k so. n e t pre thin
HERBERT SPENCER (1820 -1903) irl, G y He st be a mu cause u o Y r, be ely the o v i surv definit ’re test. you fit • Extremely popular European intellectual • Ideas: – Believed evolution could be applied to a multitude of sciences, including sociology – Compared society to a biological organism – Social Darwinism: The best ideas and groups in society survive and the worst become extinct Life i cont s the adju inuous inter stmen to na exte l relatio f rnal n relat s to ions.
EMILE DURKHEIM (1858 -1917) • The first social scientist to apply methods of science to the study of sociology • Ideas: – Believed that behavior must be understood within a larger social context, not just in individualistic terms – Studied the consequences of work in modern societies It is s relig cience , io tau ght n, wh and no are men th ich ha t s c diffi a cult omple t thing s to u x an d nde rsta nd.
MAX WEBER (1864 -1920) • Humans act on the basis of their own understanding of a situation • Sociologists must work to understand the underlying beliefs and attitudes that guide human behavior. • Ideas: – Verstehen: Understanding social behavior by putting oneself in the place of others – Rationalization: Mindset that relies on knowledge and reason
IDA WELLS-BARNETT (1862 – 1931) • Advocate in the women’s rights campaign • Analyzed society as a means of resisting oppression • Worked with Jane Addams (1860 -1935) as an activist in the campaign for women’s right to vote
W. E. B. DUBOIS (1868 – 1963) • Conducted research that he hoped would assist in the struggle for a racially egalitarian (equal) society • Conducted in-depth studies of urban life in major cities • Inspirational figure for many African American civil rights leaders
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