Bell Ringer Monday What do you know about
• Bell Ringer: Monday –What do you know about colonization (exploration)? –I have your quizzes. Please track your progress
Reminders • Track progress! • Not here Friday? You need to take the quiz tomorrow after school!
Motivations for Exploration • During the Renaissance, a desire for new trade routes to Asia led to an Age of Exploration: –Led by Spain & Portugal, explorers found new trade routes, colonies, & people to Christianize –Colonization in North America led to destruction of Indian culture, permanent settlements for whites, & wealth for European nations
America Prior to the Arrival of Europeans
Locations of Major Indian Groups and Culture Areas in the 1600 s
The Columbian Exchange • The arrival of Europeans led to the introduction of new products between Indians & Europeans called the Columbian Exchange: –Indians introduced corn, tobacco, potatoes, peanuts to whites –Europeans introduced horses, livestock, citrus, & diseases –An estimated 90% of Indians died due to European disease
The Spanish Colonies in America
Spanish Colonies in North America
Spanish Colonies in North America • Motivation: – Trade, religion, land – Mexico, Florida, ‘west coast’ • Economy: Desire for wealth – Used Indian & African slave labor to mine gold & silver – Built encomiendas (plantations) to farm cash crops • Government: Royal control – Spanish colonies were funded & controlled by the monarch
Spanish Colonies in North America • Society: Strictly controlled – Viceroys were sent to rule – Creoles were white colonists living in Spanish colonies; had opportunities for land & wealth • Interaction: inter-marriage with Indians & a mixed-race population (mestizos) – Indians & African slaves made up the bottom of society
The French Colonies in America
French Colonies in North America
Like. French Spain, the French in North Colonies gov’t encouraged • Motivations: converting Indians & – After Champlain’s establishing missions attempt to America find a NW passage through Canada, he founded Quebec – The “French crescent” included Canada, the Mississippi River, & New Orleans – Missionaries converted Native Americans to Catholicism
French Colonies in North America • Government: Royal control – The French colonies were strictly controlled by royal governors • Economy: Desire for fur trade – Most French colonists profited from the fur trade, small-scale farming, or lumbering • Society/Interaction: Friendly with Indians – Because the French needed furs, they were the most friendly with the local Native Americans
The English Colonies in America
The English Colonies • Motivation/Reasons: In the 1600 s, English settlers arrived in North America – English colonization differed from Spanish & French because the English gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in the New World – Different motivations by English settlers led to different types of colonies
Migrating to the English Colonies • 17 th century England faced major social changes: – The most significantly was a boom in population; Competition for land, food, jobs led to a large mobile population (vagrants? ) – People had choices: could move to cities, Ireland, Netherlands, or America (but this was most expensive & dangerous)
British Colonies in North America
British Colonies in North America • Motivations: Many different reasons – Economic: Escape poverty or gain wealth from cash crop farming –Religious: For religious freedom & to escape religious persecution • As a result, the British colonies were very different from each other & were never very unified
British Colonies in North America • Government: – The colonies differed from French & Spanish because the British gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in America – Britain developed a policy called salutary neglect in which the colonists could create local laws & taxes in their colonial assemblies – Royal governors were sent by the king, but they had little power
British Colonies in North America • Economy & Society: – The societies & economies of the British colonies were dependent upon the reasons people settled
Closure Activity • In order to review the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British colonies, students will be presented with a series of “potential immigrants” to North America. For each person: –Determine the best colonial region for that person to move to –Provide a brief explanation that supports your decision
Potential Immigrant: A poor, unmarried man looking to make his fortune
Potential Immigrant: A person with very religious beliefs
Potential Immigrant: A woman looking for new opportunities in America
Potential Immigrant: A person looking for political freedom & the ability help make laws
Potential Immigrant: A Native American looking for freedom from European control
Potential Immigrant: A person who enjoys living “where the action is” (a place where something exciting is always happening)
Potential Immigrant: A father looking for safety & security for his family
Potential Immigrant: An entrepreneur looking for a location to open a business specializing in shipping
- Slides: 31