Bell Ringer Grab 5 flash cards and begin

Bell Ringer Grab 5 flash cards and begin putting these questions on one side of the flash card. One question per flash card. 1. From the founding of each religion, Christians and Muslims shared a belief in… 2. What contributed significantly to the fall of both the western Roman and the Han empires? 3. What best justifies the claim that the late 1400 s mark the beginning of a new period in world history? 4. Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both – 5. What best describes a major effect of the Bantu migrations?

From the founding of each religion, Christians and Muslims shared a belief in… A. the principle of separation of church and state B. the legal equality of men and women C. equality of opportunity D. a single omnipotent deity

Which of the following contributed significantly to the fall of both the western Roman and the Han empires? A. The destruction of overland trade routes B. Irregularities in the flow of the silver trade C. New military technologies D. Invasions by borderland peoples

Which of the following changes best justifies the claim that the late 1400 s mark the beginning of a new period in world history? A. the rise of the Aztec and Inca empires. B. the economic recovery in Afro-Eurasia after the Black Death. C. The incorporation of the Americas into a broader global network of exchange. D. The emergence of new religious movements in various parts of the world.

Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both – A. developed from Maya civilization. B. acquired empires by means of military conquest. C. independently developed iron technology. D. depended entirely on oral record keeping.

Which of the following describes a major effect of the Bantu migrations? A. The spread of Islam across sub-Saharan Africa. B. The diffusion of iron metallurgy in sub- Saharan Africa. C. The introduction of banana cultivation in East Africa. D. The success of hunter-foraging in sub-Saharan Africa.

Bell Ringer Please grab a reading on the chair and begin reading.

Agenda/Objectives Spanish colonies fight for independence. - What was their motivation? We are going to look at the Unification of Italy. - Why is their resistance?

Revolutions and Nationalism

Revolution in Haiti French colony Saint Domingue first to win independence. Also known as Haiti. 500, 000 enslaved Africans lived in Haiti. - Majority population, lowest in social caste, treated with cruelty.

Haiti

Fight for Freedom August 1791 – Boukman (enslaved priest) called for a revolution. 100, 000 slaves revolted with the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture. Became skilled as a general and diplomat. 1801 - took control of Santo Domingo and freed the slaves.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Fight for Freedom January 1802 – 16, 000 French troops landed in Saint Domingue. Negotiations- Toussaint would end revolt if the French agree to end slavery. French broke agreement captured Toussaint and imprisoned him in the French Alps – died 10 months later, in April 1803.

Haiti’s Independence Jean-Jacques Dessalines – general for Toussaint. January 1, 1804: declared independence for the colony. First black colony to free itself from European control. Haiti – “Mountainous Land”

Latin America and Mexico Independence

Latin America sweeps to freedom Colonial society was divided by birth. Top – Peninsular: only allowed to hold high office. Middle- Creoles: Could rise as officers in Spanish colonial armies. Next – Mulattos. Next – Mestizos. Next – Slaves. Bottom: Indians: little economic value to the Spaniards.

Peninsular

Creole

Mulattos

Mestizos

Slaves

Native Americans

Who do you think spreads the ideas of independence? Creoles – least oppressed, best educated, read and adopted Enlightenment ideas. Felt equal to the Peninsular and were angered by the little oppression the felt. Antonio Narino – translated French Declaration of the Rights of Man - Exile to Africa.

Event in Europe trigger revolutions Napoleon conquest in Spain 1808. King Ferdinand VII removed and Napoleon’s brother Joseph is named king. Creoles argued when Ferdinand was removed the power shifted to the people.

Event in Europe trigger revolutions 1810: Rebellions broke out in Latin America. 1814: Ferdinand regains power but Creoles still want independence.

Libertadores End Spanish Rule Who were the two brilliant generals that help liberate Latin America from Spanish rule? Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin What did each general do for independence? Bolivar – Venezuela 1811 – 1821. Martin – Argentina, Peru, Ecuador. Bolivar helped Martin win victory in Peru. December 9, 1824: Spanish colonies won independence.

Simon Bolivar Jose De San Martin

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule Miguel Hidalgo: Priest from the village of Dolores. Poor but well-educated. Influenced by the Enlightenment. September 16, 1810 – rang the bells of the village church. Peasants came and he issued a call for rebellion. Known as the grito de Dolores (cry of Dolores)

A Cry for Freedom 9/17 – Hidalgo’s Indian and Mestizo followers marched toward Mexico City. Approx. . 60, 000 Spanish army and Creoles put down the Uprising. Hidalgo defeated in 1811.

Jose Maria Morelos Rebels rallied around this leader. Morelos continues the rebellion for 4 more years. Defeated in 1815 by creole officer, Agustin de Iturbide.

Mexico’s Independence 1820: Creoles feared a loss of their privileges. Joined forces for independence. Iturbide made peace with the last rebel leader and proclaimed independence in 1821. Declared himself emperor and did not recognize any other Spanish colonies independence. Overthrown in 1823.

Mexico’s Independence The region of Central America pulled together for absolute independence. Name: United Provinces of Central America.

Read this passage The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe, and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments, which made European conquest and slave systems possible.

Which of the following best supports the contentions of the world economic theory in the passage? (A) China was not massively affected by world patterns in the period. (B) The rise of Protestantism and the Scientific Revolution transformed European cultures. (C) Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items. (D) Britain had a relatively weak central government compared to France.

Which of the following statements would challenge the arguments made in the passage? (A) Strong governments in the slave-exporting regions of West Africa (B) The role of Dutch trading companies in Southeast Asia (C) The use of slaves and the plantation systems in the Americas (D) European imports of sugar and tobacco

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by (A) increased production of cash crops like sugar (B) growth of silver mining in New Spain (C) industrialized textile mills’ demand for raw cotton (D) African slave-trading kingdoms’ demand for European trade goods