Bell Ringer for Monday May 10 ON A

Bell Ringer for Monday, May 10 �ON A SLIP OF PAPER: • What are 3 things you could have done better on the last test? • What are 2 things you are going to do in preparation for the End of Course? • What is one area we have covered you still have questions about?

Progressive Era 1880 -1920

Progressive Era Fostering Efficiency Protecting Social Welfare Promoting Moral Improvement 4 Goals of the Progressive Movement Creating Economic Freedom

Rise of Big Business � Inventions & Natural Resources: • • • Telegraph/telephone Thomas Edison Elevators Typewriter Cars—Model T & Ford Coal & Iron Ore � Business Giants: • Robber Barons— wealthy entrepreneurs • Vanderbilt: Railroad • John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil; vertical integration (owned steps of the process) • Carnegie: US Steel �Philanthropist �Gospel of Wealth

Social Darwinism & Gilded Age � Herbert Spencer: dev idea of “social Darwinism: • “survival of the fittest” • Explained why those who are rich & poor � Laissez-faire � Mark Twain: • Coined the phrase “Gilded Age” �A layer of prosperity was covering the poverty & corruption that existed in much of society

Government Regulates � Interstate Commerce Act: regulate RR rates � Sherman Antitrust Act: ensure competition by making monopolies illegal � Banks � Internal � Tariffs transportation

Populism � Farming still key in S & W. • Agricultural mechanization � Grange: farmers banding together to protect interests & to stand up against RR � Populist Movement • Election Reform • Income tax • Direct Election of Senators • Use of Silver • Labor Unions � PROBLEM: too many ideas and lack of true leadership

1964: Henry Littlefield’s “Thesis”?

Election of 1896 � Republicans: Mc. Kinley � Democrats: William Jennings Bryan � Gold Standard � Imperialism � Both pol parties were adopting Populists ideas

Protecting Social Welfare (Social Reform) �Social Gospel and Settlement Houses • Jane Addams & Hull House �YMCA & Salvation Army �Muckrakers: writers who exposed the abuse in government & society • Upton Sinclair & The Jungle

Moral Improvements (Social Reform) �Temperance Movement • Abolish alcohol • Led to Prohibition & passing of 18 th Amendment • WHY: breakdown of families; health issues; violence & crime; domestic abuse �Hard for immigrants to follow

Urbanization �“New Immigrants”: Southern and Eastern Europe • Ellis Island • “Melting Pot” and Cultural Pluralism �Nativism: anti-immigrants • Religious differences • Political views different • Laws: Chinese Exclusion Act

Child Labor & other Labor Reform � Congress began passing legislation prohibiting articles produced by children � Banned child labor and set maximum hours � Muller v Oregon (1908): limited # of hours women could work � Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: NYC, fire broke out in sweatshop

Draw of the Cities �Entertainment: dance halls, spectator sports, movies, theater �Saloons and city parks �Suburbs �Tenement �Political buildings Machines: • Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall

TR vs. Taft TR Time in Office Accomplishments Misc. Taft