Bell Ringer e Text the chemistry of life

Bell Ringer: e. Text – the chemistry of life • Put phones up and grab your correct laptop # • Read the case study and answer the question on new page in notebook: Unit 2 Bell ringers • Hit turn in on computer when finished. • Do not log off computer…hang on to it until after notes!!!

Basic Chemistry • Objectives: Define matter, atom, element, and compound Recognize and know the charge and location of a proton, neutron, and electron Utilize the periodic table To understand the shape of atoms and be able to draw them Calculate atomic mass and number of subatomic particles

Learning Objectives § Identify the three subatomic particles that make up atoms. § Explain how all isotopes of an element are similar and how they are different. § Explain how compounds differ from their component elements. § Describe the two main types of chemical bonds.

Unit 2: Biochemistry – ATOMS! The Nature of Matter!

The Basics • Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space. • Atom: The basic unit of matter • Element: A pure substance that consists of entirely one atom. • Compound: a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.

Subatomic particles • Proton: (+) Positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom. • Neutron: (0) A particle in the nucleus that has no charge. – Strong forces bond the protons and neutrons together to form a nucleus in the center of the atom. • Electron: (-) negatively charged particle that is in constant motion outside the nucleus (in the electron shell).

Sub-Atomic Math Sub-Atomic Particle Mass Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron Electron 1 0 0 -1

Atomic Number The Atom Helium 2 He Helium Element Symbol Element Name 4 Atomic Mass

Each element is made of atoms. The elements are currently arranged by atomic number. I spent my time arranging the elements and came up with the Periodic Table of Elements in 1865. Mendeleev

You can determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons using the Periodic table. = number of protons Atomic Number = number of electrons 6 C Carbon 12 Element Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass = number of protons + number of neutrons

Let’s Try It! The Atom Helium Atomic Number Protons= 2 Electrons= 2 Neutrons= 4 - 2 Helium has two protons, two electrons, two neutrons =2 2 He Helium 4 Element Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass

The Atom Helium Nucleus : Contains Protons and Neutrons Shell contains Electrons e He P: 2 N: 2 e

Electron Shell : Energy Levels: in electron cloud 1 st Energy Level = Max. of 2 electrons 2 nd Energy Level = Max. of 8 electrons 3 rd Energy Level = Max. of 8 electrons Electron in 1 st energy level Electron in 2 nd energy level Electron in 3 rd energy level Nucleus

Valence Electrons Valence electrons: electrons in the outer most energy level = valence electrons- 8 red dots in outer energy level

Niels Bohr e e e P: 5 B N: 6 e e Bohr Model

Drawing an atom model… - Begin with the element and determine how many protons, neutrons, and electrons there are. Boron: Atomic Number 5 Atomic Mass 11 Protons: 5 Neutrons: 6 Electrons: 5 go inside nucleus go in electron shell P: 5 B N: 6

REMEMBER… ALWAYS FILL THE INNER ENERGY LEVELS FIRST!!! ST START WITH THE 1 ENERGY LEVEL!

Sodium: Na Draw an atom of… Atomic #: 11 Atomic Mass: 23 Determine… Protons ( + ) = 11 Neutrons ( 0 ) = 12 Electrons ( - ) = 11 Valence Electrons? = 1 P: 11 Na N: 12

Beryllium: Be Draw an atom of… Atomic #: 4 Atomic Mass: 9 Determine… Protons ( + ) = 4 Neutrons ( 0 ) = 5 Electrons ( - ) = 4 Valence Electrons? = 2 P: 4 Be N: 5

Draw an atom of… Neon: Ne Atomic #: 10 Atomic Mass: 20 Determine… Protons ( + ) = 10 P: 10 Ne N: 10 Neutrons ( 0 ) = 10 Electrons ( - ) = 10 Valence Electrons? = 8 NEON IS A STABLE ELEMENT (OR UNREACTIVE) BECAUSE IT’S OUTER ENERGY LEVEL IS FULL!!!

What is the. Springfield High School Mascot on the Simpsons?

Bell Ringer: • Please pull out your Periodic Table • Lets looks at the element: Chlorine 1. What is it’s Element Symbol? 2. What is it’s Atomic #? 3. How many Protons? 4. How many Neutrons? 5. How many Electrons? 6. Draw a Bohr model of Chlorine 7. How many electrons are in the valence shell? 8. Is the element stable or unstable?

Bell Ringer ansers: Chlorine 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. P: 17 Cl N: 18 What is it’s Element Symbol? Cl What is it’s Atomic #? 17 How many Protons? 17 How many Neutrons? 18 How many Electrons? 17 Draw a Bohr model of Chlorine How many electrons are in the valence shell? 7 Is the element stable or unstable? un. Stable

Isotopes • Isotopes: Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons that they contain. – Radioactive Isotopes: Isotopes are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time. Dangerous but has practical uses. • Dating rock layers, cancer treatment, food preservation.

Isotopes of Carbon Nonradioactive carbon-12 6 electrons 6 protons 6 neutrons Nonradioactive carbon-13 6 electrons 6 protons 7 neutrons Radioactive carbon-14 6 electrons 6 protons 8 neutrons

Chemical Compounds • Compound: A combination of two or more elements. • Molecule: the smallest unit of a compound. – Written as a chemical formula. • Water is written as H 2 O because it contains two atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen. • Table Salt is written as Na. Cl because it has one atom of Sodium and one atom of Chlorine.

Let’s take a look at Chemical Formulas H 2 O Subscript: Tells you how many of each atom are in the molecule. If there is no subscript, there is one of that atom. 2 H 2 O Coefficient: Tells you how many of each molecule you have. If there is no number in front then there is one of that molecule

Count the Atoms! Ø Ø H = H: 1 H 2 = H: 2 H 2 O = H: 2 O: 1 2 H 2 O = H: 4 O: 2 ***Molecules in parentheses are called Polyatomic Ions and always occur together when they bond. Ø H 2(SO 4) = H: 2 S: 1 O: 4 Ø C 7 H 5(NO 2)3 = C: 7 H: 5 N: 3 O: 6

Chemical Bonds • Ionic Bonds: Occurs when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Ion: an atom with a positive or negative charge. Ionic Bond = Giver + Taker Givers won’t bond with Givers

Ionic Bonds Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (Cl-) Transfer of electron Protons +11 Electrons -11 Charge 0 Protons +17 Electrons -17 Charge 0 Protons +11 Electrons -10 Charge +1 Protons +17 Electrons -18 Charge -1

Chemical Bonds • Covalent Bond: Occurs when two atoms share electrons Covalent Bond = Taker + Taker Givers won’t bond with Givers