Bell Ringer 1028 m socrative com Room 38178

Bell Ringer – 10/28 m. socrative. com – Room 38178 OR Bell Ringer Card QUESTION: In the next unit, I would like to try using your devices in some new and creative ways. But first I need to know what you have. Answer the following question honestly. Which of the following best describes your device? Ipad Kindle Fire Tablet other than an Ipad or Kindle Laptop only Smart phone only Front of the Class

The Baroque Period NEW TAB in your binder! Introduction & Art

Introduction to the Baroque Period Generally, the late 1500 s through the mid to late 1600 s Started with the Scientific Revolution Francis Bacon Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler Rene Descartes Isaac Newton

The Scientific Revolution Francis Bacon (1561 -1626) Knowledge = power Knowledge comes with understanding the natural world Developed the Scientific Method Galileo Galilei (1564 -1642) Established a mathematical approach to discovery Built the first astronomical telescope Observed the mountains on the moon, sunspots, the rings of Saturn, the moons of Jupiter, and the composition of the Milky Way The church OBJECTED his conclusions and experiments and arrested him in 1633. Under threat of torture, he recanted his discoveries.

The Scientific Revolution Johannes Kepler (1571 -1630) Three laws of planetary motion (what keeps planets in orbit) Confirmed that the solar system was organized by mathematically determined relationships Rene Descarte (1596 -1650) Experimental methods led to knowledge Studied matter and how it occupied time and space “I think, therefore I am. ” Solve problems by starting with the simplest and moving to the complex

The Scientific Revolution Isaac Netwon (1642 -1727) Basically discovered gravity 3 Laws of motion Effectively separated science from theology

Philosophy Thomas Hobbes (1588 -1679) Believed that humans were driven by the fear of death and the quest for power Argued for one ruler over the people Wrote the Leviathan John Locke (1632 -1704) Locke believed that humankind was good and that humans were capable of governing themselves Believed in “self-government” People deserved the right to choose their leaders (believed in a government similar to what the United States would soon be found on)

History – The Reformation People (such as Martin Luther) turned against the Catholic church and formed new religions like Protestantism and Lutheranism The Catholic church, in turn, had its own reformation in response A sort of “rebirth” of the Catholic church No longer about spending lavishly, selling indulgences, etc. The desire for a more spiritual, more relevant, and less worldy religion affected Catholic and Protestant alike The gap between the two groups widened in the 1550 s, attitudes became more entrenched, open conflict occurred, and differences were emphasized Doctrine was created and made as clear as possible

History – The Reformation The reformation of the Catholic church depended on a change in the papacy Pope Paul III came to the rescue Created the Council of Trent – met off and on for 20 years in the 1540 s, 1550 s, and 1560 s to review doctrine Built of bishops and theologians The Catholic Reformation strengthened the clergy and bishops so that they had more leadership

History – The Reformation Protestants put individual conscience and the Bible first; Catholics insisted that conscience and the Scriptures must be interpreted first by the church Lots of religious based wars at this time. Height of violence was between 1560 and 1600 Protestant mobs vandalized Catholic cathedrals, tortured and burned at the stake anyone deemed heretical Martin Luther approved of the execution of extremist Anabaptists The ended when the Protestants and Catholics ultimately burnt themselves out

Baroque Painting Caravaggio, Rembrandt, & Vermeer

Painting Introduction Adopted systematic and rational composition Ornamentation was unified through variation on a single theme Realism was the main subject of a painting Color was emphasized, as was the dramatic use of light and shade

Painting Introduction Open compositions – eyes travel off the canvas to a wider reality Intensely active compositions that emphasized feeling rather than form, and emotion rather than intellect Artworks do NOT conform to a simple mold

Painting Introduction Glorified the church and religious sentiment, both Catholic and Protestant Portrayed the magnificence of secular wealth Each artists sought to establish their own personal style Style spread rapidly throughout the continent 1600 -1725 – visual art period

Caravaggio 1569 -1609 Roman He was jailed on several occasions, vandalized his own apartment, and ultimately had a death warrant issued for him by the Pope In 1606 he killed a young man in a brawl and fled from Rome Involved in several brawls across Italy He died at the age of 38 under mysterious circumstances (supposedly a fever, his enemies very well may have killed him. )

Caravaggio Chiaroscuro – shift from light to dark with little intermediate value; fixed the subject in a blinding stripe of light Worked at a great speed from live models Had a noteworthy ability to express in one scene of unsurpassed vividness the passing of a crucial moment

Caravaggio Famous while alive, but almost immediately forgotten about when he died In the 20 th century, his importance to art was rediscovered

Caravaggio – The Calling of St. Matthew

Caravaggio – The Calling of St. Matthew Highlight and shadow create a dramatic portrayal of the moment when the future apostle is touched by divine grace Religious subject depicted in contemporary terms

Caravaggio – The Calling of St. Matthew Expresses one of the central themes of Catholic-Reformation: that faith and grace are open to all and that spiritual understanding is a personal, and overpowering, emotional experience

Caravaggio – The Death of the Virgin

Caravaggio – The Death of the Virgin The painter depicts real, almost common people, rather than idealized figures Shows the corpse of the Virgin Mary, surrounded by the mourning disciples and friends of Christ A harsh light streams across the work, emphasizing the figure of the Virgin and creating dynamic broken patterns of light and shade

Caravaggio – Other Artworks The Entombment of Christ The Crucifixion of St. Peter

Caravaggio – Other Artworks Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence Was stolen from its frame in October 1969 Estimated value - $20 million

Rembrandt 1606 -1669 Reflected the visions and objectives of the new and wealthy middle class Created both religious and secular artworks in this manner Artwork is by, for, and about the middle class The first “capitalist” artist To him, the quality of art could be gauged by its value on the open market

Rembrandt Delivered the depths of human emotion and psychology in the most dramatic terms Rembrandt uses suggestion rather than great detail Atmosphere, shadow, and implication create emotion Produced over 600 paintings, nearly 400 etchings, and 2, 000 drawings

Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross

Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross Uses reds, golds, and red-browns (associated with richness) Forms are evident through the changes in value Open composition – lines escape the frame Left arm of the cross is off the page

Rembrandt – The Descent from the Cross A strong central triangle holds the composition together Chiaroscuro – Chris is much brighter than everything around him

Rembrandt – The Night Watch

Rembrandt – The Night Watch Group portrait of a military unit Portrayed on duty (not common practice) A scene of great vigor and dramatic intensity Presents a celebration of chaos

Rembrandt – The Night Watch Some figures fade into the shadows Other figures are hidden by the gestures of those placed in front of them Light is used for dramatic purposes only (no natural light source) The viewer is invited to share in an emotional experience, rather than observe it

Rembrandt – Other Artworks The Abduction of Europa

Rembrandt – Other Artworks The Storm on the Sea of Galilee Depicts the miracle of Jesus calming the storm on the Sea of Galilee Was stolen in 1990 Rembrandt’s only seascape

Vermeer 1632 -1675 Masterful control of light and shade Takes chiaroscuro and develops strong value contrasts that are emotional and compositional as well. Mostly secular works

Vermeer – The Girl with the Red Hat Highlights establish a basic compositional triangle extending from the shoulder to cheek, down to the hand, and across the sleeve back to the shoulder. A red flare encircles the subject’s face with a feathery halo Draws our attention NOT to the hat, but to the eyes and mouth

Vermeer – Girl with the Pearl Earring Most famous work The pearl earring is the focal point The dark background was initially green

Baroque Sculpture

Baroque Sculpture Forms and space were charged with energy Sculpture directed the viewer’s vision and inward and invited participation rather than observation Feeling was the focus Treated space like a painting – meant to describe a SCENE rather than a single form

Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1598 -1680 Sculptor, Architect, and Stage Designer Created the Baroque style in sculpture Considered the setting figures were situated in Mostly religious works

Gian Lorenzo Bernini - David Power and Action Curls to unleash the stone from his sling (to hit Goliath) Goliath is outside the sculpture itself – “open” Viewer is propelled outward because of his concentrated expression

Gian Lorenzo Bernini - David The viewer participates emotionally and feels the drama Seems to flex and contract with the action – as opposed to Michelangelo’s giant still version

Gian Lorenzo Bernini – Ecstasy of St. Theresa Represents an experience described by St. Theresa – an angel pierced her heart with a golden flaming arrow “The pain was so great that I screamed aloud; but at the same time I felt such infinite sweetness that I wished the pain to last forever. ”

Gian Lorenzo Bernini – Ecstasy of St. Theresa 11 feet tall Every aspect of the work suggests motion Draperies are hit by an imaginary wind Forces the viewer’s involvement in an overwhelming emotional and religious experience