BEHAVIOR OF GASES SPS 5 b Relate temperature

BEHAVIOR OF GASES SPS 5 b. Relate temperature, pressure, and volume of gases to the behavior of gases.

Activator § Sketch the graph and draw the molecular motion of the water molecules for each section of the graph. IV III II I V

Behavior of Gases SPS 2 b. Relate temperature, pressure, and volume of gases to the behavior of gases.

What is pressure? § A measure of the force applied over a unit area.

Pressure Examples § § § Tire (pounds per square inch, (psi)) Inflating a football Car tire pressure decreases when it is cold outside

PROPERTIES OF GASES § No definite shape/volume § Expands to fill its container § Easily compressed (squeezed into a smaller container) § Compressibility is a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure § Gases are easily compressed because of the space between the particles in a gas

PROPERTIES OF A GAS § Factors Affecting Gas Pressure § Amount of Gas § Increase amount, increase pressure § Volume § Reduce volume, increase pressure § Temperature § Increase temperature, increase pressure § Relationship between pressure, temperature, and volume is explained through the Gas Laws

GAS LAWS § § § § Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Gay-Lussac’s Law Combined Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure Graham’s Law

BOYLE’S LAW § If the temperature is constant, as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases § For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure § As volume goes up, pressure goes down § As volume goes down, pressure goes up § P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2

BOYLE’S LAW § Real Life Example § As you push on the end of a syringe, the volume inside the syringe decreases as the pressure on the syringe increases

CHARLES’ LAW § As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the volume increases, if the pressure is constant § The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant § As volume goes up/down, temperature goes up/down § V 1 = V 2 T 1 T 2 Temperature must be in Kelvin!

CHARLES’ LAW § Real Life Example § Balloon Lab-As the temperature of the water is increased, the volume of the balloon is increased. § Coke Can-Fill a coke can with a small amount of water, as you heat the water inside to near boiling, immediately invert the coke can into ice-cold water so the coke can is experiencing a dramatic drop in temperature, volume of can will decrease (can will crush in on itself)

GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW § As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the pressure increases, if the volume is constant § The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant

GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW § Real Life Example § Tires § The faster a car goes, the higher the temperature of the tire gets and the higher the pressure inside the tires

DALTON’S LAW § In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressure of the gases § Partial pressure is the contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure § At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component of gases