Beginning of the Life Cycle Chapter 17 Start

Beginning of the Life Cycle Chapter 17 Start page…. 468

The Human Body • An Everyday Miracle • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g. OUKD 6 qj 5 u. U • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=s 0 WM 9 o. Rr 07 w

Lesson 1 Prenatal Development and Care • Human fetus begins with fertilization: joining of ovum and sperm. • Pregnancies are divided into three specific time periods; unique development occurs at each stage called _______.

Stages not weeks of development

First Trimester 0 -12/14 weeks – Zygote is the single cell produced by the joining of the egg and sperm • it divides into a ball of cells as it travels down the fallopian tube …to eventually implant or embed in the uterine lining, …this period lasts about 4 -5 days (√ blastocyst)

First Trimester 0 -12/14 weeks – The blastocyst stage is the resulting ball of cells that has separated into an inner and outer group of cells. . • The inner group of cells will be come the embryo • The outer group of cells will become the membranes that nourish and protect the embryo (placenta, amniotic sac and umbilical cord). – http: //stemcells. nih. gov/info/cellmovie. html – http: //faculty. weber. edu/tlday/Prenatal/blastocyst. html

Most critical phase of development • The cells of the embryo now multiply and begin to take on specific functions. This process is called differentiation; the growing baby is most susceptible to damage. • Week 5: • The brain, spinal cord, ears, arms develop; begins 2 beat. • Nervous and cardiovascular systems functional; gastrointestinal tract begins 2 form

1 st Trimester -- 0 -12/14 weeks • 1” long @ 8 weeks – mouth, nostrils, eyelids, hands, fingers, feet, toes • Develops human profile, sex organs, eyelids, finger and toenails, by week 12 makes crying motions/sucks thumb • The end of the eighth week marks the end of the "embryonic period" and the beginning of the "fetal period. " • Morning sickness!

2 nd Trimester -- 13/15 -28 weeks • Fetus can blink – eyebrows/lashes • More activity • Body growth, head growth slows • Limbs reach full proportion • Hearing intact • Sleep and wake cycles • ~12“ long and weighs 1# • Mom’s feeling pretty good

Third Trimester 29 -40 weeks • All Five Senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) • Pass water from bladder • Brain scans show “dreams” • Weight 6 -9# • Ready for Birth

Body Changes – Breech Positions

Prenatal Development and Care • Expectant parents have many options regarding location and method of delivery of their baby. – Natural…. birthing center, family birthing room, at home births (midwives), delivery rooms –. . and how – will you birth: in water, while squatting, on your hands and knees? – …. how about the environment around you: lights to be dimmed, noise level hushed? background music a favorite CD? • epidural (anesthetic outer membrane • of spinal cord/and overlying bones), • episiotomy (incision to enlarge • the vaginal opening in late stage labor • to prevent tearing and facilitate birth)

Prenatal Development and Care – Surgical option: – Cesarean…. . 30% in US • horizontal • Vertical • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=xy. N 48 Vn. RYUY – Birth has three steps: • Labor • Delivery • Afterbirth • Stork…. • http: //www. straightdope. com/columns/read/2144/why-are-storks-associated-with-babies Twins and Exit Procedure…. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-falsuaf. Ifc http: //fox 2 now. com/2012/02/21/twins-trapped-in-mothers-womb-by-tumor/? hpt=us_bn 6

Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics

Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics • DNA determines individual characteristics – Human’s contribute one sex chromosome in sperm and one in the egg (together a pair is formed).

Journal Question…w 1 • Should we be genetically engineering the sex of our children?

Should we be genetically engineering the sex of our children? March 12/13, 2012 • CON -- Are designer babies ethical? http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l 6 GOhtt. Itm 8 • PRO -- Genetically Engineering Intelligent Babies - Horizon: Are We Still Evolving? Preview - BBC Two --- The Fertility Institutes in LA, where Dr Jeff Steinberg http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=a. Quvv. Lo. DTsw and CBS NEWS for LA Fertility http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=GZOgz. C 8 D_6 Q • CON – FOX News …Ethics Issues http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Qek. Eve. Um 3 KE • PRO -- Chill out about Designer Babies (Scientist analyzes genetics) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=BJGZs. EVUPBA • The scientific approach: BBC…Designer Babies - Comments by Princeton professor Lee Silver http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=TN 9 ep 4 B 9 Hw 0 Gattaca: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Zpp. Wok 6 SX 88 Planet: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vjcp. RHu. Pj. OI

Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics In determining the sex of the child……. – A female contributes a = X…or X – A male contributes a = X…or Y The Y chromosome contains a gene, SRY, triggering embryonic development as a male. The Y chromosomes also contain other genes needed for normal sperm production.

Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics Most cells have 46 Chromosomes Or 23 pairs Sections of chromosomes are genes or Basic units of heredity 1 gene is from each pair is Inherited from each parent The egg and sperm cells only contribute half Or 23 chromosomes

Although most cells = 46, the egg and sperm only contribute half or 23 chromosomes thus, the X or Y determinate.

How many chromosomes do people have?

Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics • DNA determines individual characteristics • Children inherit other genetic traits from their parents like: -- Hair, skin, and eye color -- Ear lobes, tongue rolling, toes, fingers, etc.

DNA – the human genome

Genetic Information

http: //learn. genetics. utah. edu/content/begin/traits/ptc/

Lesson 2 – Heredity and Genetics • Genetic disorders: caused by defects in genes – Downs Syndrome (affects physical/mental characteristics) – Cleft Palette (affects physical characteristics) – Neuro-tubal Defects (affects physical/mental affects) --Sickle Cell Anemia (affects RBC, joints, abdomen, kidneys) -- Tay Sachs (affects nervous systems) --Hemophilia (no clotting factor –blood) – Cystic Fibrosis (mucus clogs organs, nutrition problems, serious respiratory infections & congestion)

Genetics – disease/sex

• Genetic research is an opportunity to correct some genetic disorders. – Amniocentesis is a procedure to check the genetic coding and determine risks of disorders.

Amniocentesis • http: //www. pennmedicine. org/health_info/pregnancy/000238. htm • http: //www. medicinenet. com/amniocentesis/article. htm#

Down’s Syndrome

Cleft Palate

Neuro Tubal Defects

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Prenatal Care is vital to Mom and Baby’s health • Regular medical check ups & over all health care (sleep, hygiene…. ) • Proper nutrition (calcium, protein, iron, vitamin A, B complex, folic acid) • Extra 300 calories/day = 2. 5 extra cups milk • Healthy weight gain (25 -35#) • Fitness and flexibility • Avoid alcohol and other drugs (OTC, Rx, • illegal's), tobacco, other environmental hazards (exposure to asbestos, radiation, lead, mercury, other heavy metals, etc. )

Lesson 3 Birth through Childhood • complete a variety of tasks during the four stages of childhood: -1 - Infancy: birth to 12 mos. …(any stories? ) -2 - Early childhood: ages 1 -3 …(1 st memory? ) -3 - Middle childhood: ages 4 -6. . . (1 st day @ school? ) -4 - Late childhood: 7 -12 …(favorite teacher? )

Lesson 3 Birth through Childhood • Health screenings can identify problems and monitor growth and development. • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. Ei 7 LUPkwe. A • Keeping a health history and immunizations current is critical to good health. • http: //www. kidsdirect. net/

And then there is. . Adolescence: 13 years + ? “Second childhood: when old goats act like kids”- Salada

Coming Attractions…. THE QUIZ Fetal Development The End