Beginning Classical Greek II 1 The Iliad 2

Beginning Classical Greek II 陳斐婷國立清華大學人社院學士班 1

The Iliad 2

� Troy vs. the Troad � Ἴλιον, τό � Τροία, ἡ � The title Ἰλιάς (the Iliad) is elliptic for ἡ ποίησις Ἰλιάς (the Trojan poem) � Ἰλιάς, άδος, ἡ, peculiar fem. adjective

Hexameter and Scansion 4

Hexameter � Short vowels: α, ε, ι, ο, υ Long vowels: ᾱ, ῑ, ῡ, η, ω Diphthongs: ᾳ, αι, αυ, ει, ευ, ῃ, ηυ, οι, ου, υι, ῳ � Dactylic Hexameter: one metrum=one foot One foot: Dactyl or Spondee � Dactyl (δάκτυλος, measure): long syllable — short syllable � Spondee (σπονδή, libation): long syllable — long syllable � Iambic Trimeter: one metrum=two feet One foot = long syllable — short syllable 5

Hexameter � The fifth dactyl is usually trisyllabic. � A mute: γ, β, δ, κ, π, τ, ξ, φ, θ. A liquid: λ, ρ, more rarely μ, ν. The syllable preceding the mute (e. g. , πέτρος) is counted either short or long. In the Homeric epic it is usually counted long, and sometimes short; while in Attic tragedy there is no distinct preference for either long or short. � Synizesis: occasionally two adjoining vowels are treated as if they were one, e. g. , Πηληϊάδεω. � Hiatus is often, especially in Epic and Attic poetry, avoided by elision, i. e. , the elimination of a final short vowel, or aphaeresis, the elimination of an initial short vowel.

Homer’s The Iliad 1. 1 -7 7

Homer’s The Iliad 1. 1 -7 8