BEGIN UNIT 1 Exploration and Colonization Which of

BEGIN UNIT 1 Exploration and Colonization

• Which of the following groups was allowed to vote during the Federalist Period? A. African Americans B. American Indians C. women D. white male property owners

• In what respect did the Mayflower Compact anticipate the Declaration of Independence? A. It established the principle of representative government. B. It created a government based on the consent of the people. C. It introduced a system of checks and balances. D. It set limits on the authority of the English Parliament in the colonies.

• The widely distributed pamphlet which aroused support for independence among colonists was— A. "Social Contract Theory" B. "Natural Rights of Man" C. "Common Sense" D. the Declaration of Independence

• The French and Indian War increased tension between Britain and the American colonies because the— A. British pressed the colonies to form the Committees of Correspondence B. colonies had hoped to win their independence during the war C. colonies had not been allowed to participate in the war D. British insisted that the colonies share the expenses of the war

• A Native American living in the Ohio River valley region would have which of the following views about the Proclamation of 1763 that forbade colonists from entering the region? A. They would agree because they didn’t want to see Europeans in the area. B. They would be angry because they could not sell their land to the colonists. C. They would ignore the law, since the English government could not regulate Native Americans. D. They would agree, since the settlers wanted to start a war with the French.

• The rush among European powers to establish colonies in the Americas can BEST be described as A. an attempt to create regional cooperation and unity B. an extension of military and economic rivalries C. a desire to learn about other cultures D. an effort to spread Christianity around the world

• Attempts to escape religious persecution were key factors in the original settlement of which American colonies? A. South Carolina and Georgia B. Virginia and New York C. Pennsylvania and Maryland D. North Carolina and New Jersey

• Because of the passage of the Stamp Act in 1765, many colonists began to believe that A. they should only abide by laws enacted by their own representatives B. they should appeal to the French for help against the British government C. Native Americans should follow the same laws as the colonists D. the British government was attempting to improve government services

• In which area did good harbors, abundant forests, rocky soil, and a short growing season most influence the colonial economy? A. Southern colonies B. Middle Atlantic region C. Northwest Territory D. New England colonies

• The Mayflower Compact and the Virginia House of Burgesses are most closely associated with A. abuses by absolute monarchs B. establishment of religious toleration C. steps toward colonial self-government D. adoption of universal suffrage

• The British benefited from their mercantilist relationship with the American colonies primarily by A. supporting the growth of colonial industries B. prohibiting colonists from fishing and fur trading C. taking large amounts of gold and silver from the southern colonies D. buying raw materials from the colonies and selling them finished products

• During the first half of the 1800 s, geographic factors influenced the economy of New England by A. encouraging the establishment of large plantations B. promoting the growth of trade and manufacturing C. increasing the region’s reliance on slave labor D. supporting rice and indigo farming

• Since the late 1700 s, the Mississippi River has been a vital waterway because it A. divided the northern territories from the southern territories B. allowed American farmers direct access to Canadian markets C. connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean D. provided farmers and merchants an outlet to the Gulf of Mexico

• Which heading best completes the partial outline below? • I. _(choose from a, b, c or d below)_______ 2. Villages with town meetings 3. Small farms and commercial fishing 4. First American college a. New England Colonies b. Middle Colonies c. Southern Colonies d. Spanish Colonies

• Which document included John Locke’s idea that people have the right to overthrow an oppressive government? A. Mayflower Compact B. Northwest Ordinance C. Declaration of Independence D. Bill of Rights

• According to theory of mercantilism, the principal purpose of the thirteen original colonies was to provide Great Britain with A. naval bases B. raw materials and markets C. workers and manufactured goods D. military recruits

• During the early to mid-1700 s, the British policy of salutary neglect toward the American colonies contributed to A. a decline in colonial manufacturing B. the decline of slavery in the northern colonies C. a decrease in French and Spanish influence in North America D. the development of independent colonial trade practices

• Which statement is most accurate about the movement for independence in the thirteen colonies? A. The independence movement began soon after the founding of the Plymouth Colony. B. Protests against British colonial policies gradually led to demands for independence. C. The King of England required the colonists to become economically self-sufficient. D. The movement for independence was equally strong in all of the colonies.

• “It is not the cause of one poor printer, nor of New York alone, which you are now trying. No! It may in its consequence affect every free man that lives under a British government on the main [continent] of America. It is the best cause. It is the cause of liberty. . Nature and the laws of our country have given us a right to liberty of both exposing and opposing arbitrary power (in these parts of the world at least) by speaking and writing the truth. ” — Andrew Hamilton, 1735 A. This courtroom summation helped establish which democratic principle in colonial America? B. trial by jury C. equal voting rights D. protection of private property E. freedom of the press

• “The only representatives of the people of these colonies are persons chosen therein by themselves; and that no taxes ever have been, or can be constitutionally imposed on them but by their respective legislatures. ” -Statement by the Stamp Act Congress, 1765 A. What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from this quotation? B. The colonial legislatures should be appointed by the English King with the consent of Parliament. C. Only the colonists’ elected representatives should have the power to levy taxes. D. The English King should have the right to tax the colonists. E. The colonists should be opposed to all taxation.

END UNIT 1 Exploration and Colonization

BEGIN UNIT 2 Creating a Nation

• During George Washington’s presidency, what was the major reason for conflict between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton? A. Washington’s decision not to seek a third term B. the distribution of power between the judicial branch and the legislative branch C. the U. S. government’s decision to remain neutral in the war between France and Britain D. Hamilton’s objection to Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution

• Which statement best explains the lack of political participation by American Indians in the United States during the Federalist period? A. American Indians did not believe they were affected by U. S. government decisions. B. American Indians were denied U. S. citizenship. C. American Indians refused to vote because of different views on land ownership. D. American Indians did not support the United States’ desire to expand west of the Mississippi River.

• Which of these ideas did Democratic. Republicans not support? A. agriculture over industries B. states' rights C. a powerful national government D. low tariffs

• A primary goal of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to A. prevent European intervention in Latin America B. create an opportunity for the annexation of Canada C. protect the site of a canal across Central America D. help European nations establish new Western Hemisphere colonies

• The right of the people to overthrow a tyrannical government is a main theme of which document? A. Articles of Confederation B. Declaration of Independence C. United States Constitution D. Emancipation Proclamation

• The quotation: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution… are reserved to the states…" describes the principle of A. due process of law B. federalism C. implied powers D. centralized authority

• At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which issue was resolved by the Great Compromise? A. powers to be given to the judicial branch B. role of the electoral college in selecting the President C. representation of large and small states in Congress D. inclusion of a Bill of Rights to protect individual liberties

• Which quotation from the United States Constitution best illustrates the balance between order and liberty? A. "The Congress shall have the power… to borrow money on the credit of the United States. " B. "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. " C. "The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States. " D. "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. "

• “The enumeration [listing] in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed [interpreted] to deny or disparage [weaken] others retained by the people. ” — 9 th Amendment to the United States Constitution A. The most likely reason this amendment was included in the Bill of Rights was to B. increase federal power over the people C. expand state control over individual citizens D. protect rights beyond those listed in the Constitution E. prevent Congress from granting additional rights to individuals

• The constitutional guarantee of the writ of habeas corpus makes it unlawful for a citizen of the United States to be A. a defendant in a trial without the benefit of counsel. B. jailed for an extended period without a hearing before a judge. C. prosecuted for his/her religious beliefs. D. taxed without the approval of Congress.

• Which of the following compromises helped ensure southern support for the proposed Constitution? A. Creating a bicameral legislature with a House and a Senate B. Counting three-fifths of the slave population for purposes of representation C. Allowing the perpetual importation of slaves D. Enacting a high tariff to support the cotton industry

• The most serious weakness of the Articles of Confederation was brought about by the authors' A. fear of concentration of power in national government. B. distrust of representative government. C. disregard of the principles of States rights. D. inability to provide for regional differences.

• Jefferson was a strict constitutionalist. He believed that the Constitution did not allow the federal government to acquire new territory. When he learned that Napoleon wanted to sell Louisiana to the U. S. , how did he act? A. He recognized the value of the land, put aside his political ideas, and approved the sale B. He was enraged that his representatives had gone against his beliefs, and canceled the sale C. He pretended that he had been an advocate of big government all along D. He contacted Napoleon, and tried to get him to withdraw his offer

• The Alien and Sedition Acts outlawed which of the following behaviors? A. organizing political parties B. speaking evils of the government and executive branch C. advocating a progressive income tax and direct election of senators D. joining a political party

• The significance of the case Marbury v. Madison (1803) is that it A. established the principle of judicial review. B. declared the Alien and Sedition Acts to be legitimate laws. C. demonstrated the supremacy of the national government over the states D. attempted to place the judiciary outside the impeachment power of the House of Representatives.

• The reason for ending the importation of enslaved persons to the United States after 1807 was the A. success of the American colonial revolution against Britain. B. rapid industrialization of the South. C. replacement of slave labor by immigrant workers from eastern Europe. D. passage of legislation that forbids the practice.

• Which of the following describes the main mission of the Lewis and Clark expedition? A. to explore American possessions in California, with the hope of finding gold B. to scout the Native American tribes of the South, in preparation for making war against them C. to secretly cross the border into Canada, with the plan of expanding American territory to the north D. to make a scientific, geographic, and anthropological survey of the lands included in the Louisiana Purchase

• Which of the following writers wrote 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow? ' A. Thomas Moran B. Walt Whitman C. Margaret Fuller D. Washington Irving

• The "Great Awakening" is best described as— A. a total rejection of Puritan ideas B. the conversion of thousands of Native Americans to Christianity C. a series of religious revivals in the British colonies D. the economic shift of many New Englanders

• “You have secured to us the free navigation of the Mississippi. You have procured an immense and fertile country: and all these great blessings are obtained without bloodshed. ” This quotation refers to A. B. C. D. the Louisiana Purchase gains from the Black Hawk War the loss of British forts in the West the annexation of Texas

END UNIT 2 Creating a Nation

BEGIN UNIT 3 Antebellum America

• Which is an example of the concept of Manifest Destiny in action? A. the Missouri Compromise B. the annexation of Mexican territory C. the Transatlantic Slave Trade D. the Compromise of 1850

• A similarity between the pre-Civil War abolitionist movement and the Progressive movement is that both A. were mainly concerned with improving the status of African Americans. B. worked to reduce income taxes. C. contributed directly to the start of a major war. D. sought to improve the conditions of poor or oppressed peoples.

• Which issues were controversial in national politics during the period 1800– 1850? A. racial prejudice, territorial expansion, immigration policy B. tariff policy, nullification, rights of neutrals C. regulation of railroads, overseas acquisitions, federal income tax policy D. states' rights policy, control of the Northwest Territory, recognition of United States independence by France

• How did the attitudes of slavery in the North contrast to those in the South? A. Northerners welcomed the reintroduction of slavery into the Northern states B. Northerners often deplored the existence of slavery in the south, even as they benefited from cheap goods produced by slave labor C. Morally opposed to slavery, Northerners refused to do any business with Southerners D. Most Northerners did not see slavery as a moral issue

• Why did Southerners come to resent the imposition of tariffs on foreign goods by the national government? A. In fact, Southerners did not resent the tariff at all B. Southerners thought that they were having to pay artificially high prices for Northern manufactured goods C. Southerners felt that the tariff attacked their right to own slaves D. Southerners felt that the tariff kept them from developing their own factories

• Which of the following describes Dorothea Dix's main concern? A. ensuring that criminals were punished severely B. keeping immigrants out of the United States C. maintaining an isolationist policy with other countries D. bringing about humane conditions in prisons and insane asylums

• Which answer best describes the idea of 'popular sovereignty? ' A. popular support for Great Britain following the War of 1812 B. the belief that, in a democracy, there was no difference between a king and the regular citizenry C. the belief that citizens in a given territory are allowed to decide for themselves the issue of slavery and whether territory should be free or slave D. the belief that the people in Washington D. C. have the right to decide that slavery is wrong

• What was the main effect of the Dred Scott Decision? A. The Supreme Court shocked the nation by ruling that slavery was immoral and needed to be stopped immediately B. The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott could operate a Casino on a Indian Reservation C. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property and non-citizens D. The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was a free man and allowed to marry and move to Wisconsin

• What was William Lloyd Garrison best known for? A. perfecting an efficient mode of cotton production B. the Missouri Compromise C. arguing for the termination of the National Bank D. advocating the abolition of slavery through his newspaper, The Liberator

• The Hudson River School was known for A. being the first school to enroll African Americans B. being the first school to enroll women C. being the first school to assimilate Indians D. its paintings of American landscape

• What did the South gain from both the Compromise of the 1850 and the Kansas. Nebraska Act? A. an enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law B. a provision to honor the Mason-Dixon line C. the gradual elimination of slavery in the territories being added to the nation D. the use of popular sovereignty in making decisions about slavery in the territories

• “I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the reaction now existing in the slave holding states between the two is, instead of an evil, a good—a positive good. ” — 1837 Who expressed these ideas? A. Frederick Douglass B. Robert E. Lee C. John C. Calhoun D. Stephen Douglas

• During the first half of the 19 th century, territorial expansion led to A. increased tensions over slavery B. improved relations with bordering nations C. fewer conflicts with Native American Indians D. decreased domestic demand for manufactured goods

• In the mid-1800 s, the growth of the populations of California and the western territories was mainly a result of the A. discovery of gold and silver B. opening of the Panama Canal C. migration of freedmen after the Civil War D. secession of the Southern states

• Prior to 1850, what was a main reason the North developed an economy increasingly based on manufacturing while the South continued to rely on an economy based on agriculture? A. Protective tariffs applied only to northern seaports. B. Geographic conditions supported different types of economic activity. C. Slavery in the North promoted rapid economic growth. D. Manufacturers failed to make a profit in the South.

• The Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 proclaimed that A. the abolition of slavery was necessary B. all men and women are created equal C. California should be admitted as a free state D. the sale of alcoholic beverages should be illegal

• The Missouri Compromise (1820), and the Compromise of 1850 were both efforts to A. end fighting between Midwestern farmers and Native American Indians B. encourage manufacturing in the West C. increase the number of people who voted in presidential elections D. settle disputes over the spread of slavery to the western territories

• How did the Erie Canal impact the economy of New York and the Northeast? A. It opened waterways to greater trade, thereby making New York more dependent on foreign products. B. It enhanced western settlements by making it easier for people to move west. C. It broadened markets by making it easier to ship products to other parts of the country. D. It devastated the New York economy as people and industries left the city to migrate west.

END UNIT 3 Antebellum America

BEGIN UNIT 4 Civil War and Reconstruction

• Which event was the immediate cause of the secession of several Southern states from the Union in 1860? A. the Dred Scott decision, which declared that all prior compromises on the extension of slavery into the territories were unconstitutional B. the Missouri Compromise, which kept an even balance between the number of free and slave states C. the raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, which was led by the militant abolitionist John Brown D. the election of President Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the spread of slavery into the territories

• Which statement best explains why Reconstruction ended? A. Reconstruction policies were no longer needed when the Southern states rejoined the Union. B. African Americans prospered financially. C. Reconstruction was intended to be a short-term event that would end in 10 years. D. Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts decreased because of political compromise.

• You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. - William Jennings Bryan, 1896 According to this excerpt, which idea did William Jennings Bryan promote? A Granger laws B diamond standard C socialism D bimetallism

• What was the main reason that many leaders in Great Britain leaned toward supporting the Confederacy in the Civil War? A. Britain relied on Southern cotton for its factories. B. British politicians wanted to make the United States weaker so that they could conquer it C. Most British immigrants to the United States lived in the South. D. Plantation owners in Britain held slaves

• The most direct effect of poll taxes and literacy tests on African Americans was to A. prevent them from voting B. limit their access to public facilities C. block their educational opportunities D. deny them economic advancements

• Why did Lincoln at first resist issuing the Emancipation Proclamation? A. Lincoln thought his main duty was to save and preserve the Union from a secessionist movement B. Lincoln had no moral opposition to slavery and thought it was acceptable C. Lincoln worried about upsetting southern businesses D. Lincoln was afraid that such a proclamation would make Great Britain angry, and bring them into the war

• The Civil Rights Act of 1866 intended to provide what to newly freed slaves? A. equal citizenship B. a graduated income tax and freedom of speech C. the right of Black men to vote D. ending slavery in America

• Which statement best describes sharecropping? A. farmers who were so prosperous that they shared their crops with those less fortunate B. large landowners that reaped huge profits C. farmers that owned no land borrowed from a landowner in exchange for work and a small share of the crop yield D. small landowners

• Which statement best defines the Jim Crow laws? A. laws restricting the sale of alcoholic beverages in southern states B. laws that segregated southern life and were designed to maintain a second tier status for Blacks C. laws passed by Radical Republicans to punish the South D. laws guaranteeing the voting rights of former and newly-freed slaves

• What impact did the Civil War have on the economy of the South? A. by raising farm prices, the war gave the region a needed boost B. the war destroyed the southern economy and it did not recover until just before World War One with the presidency of Woodrow Wilson C. the war had no effect on the economy because all the soldiers were at war D. the war prompted quick and widespread industrialization of the South

• The following question refers to the statement below. • A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved --I do not expect the house to fall--but I do expect it will cease to be divided. The statement was made by— A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Abraham Lincoln D. Jefferson Davis

• Why did Congress pass laws protecting civil rights during Reconstruction? A. to reverse the Dred Scott decision B. to abolish black codes in the South C. to punish former Confederate soldiers D. to help former slaves migrate to the North

• How did Congress uphold individual property rights of southerners during Reconstruction? A. It returned confiscated land to former confederates. B. It allowed the Freedmen’s Bureau to allocate farmland to former slaves. C. It permitted land ownership to anyone who would grow cotton. D. It enforced General William T. Sherman’s field order to redistribute coastal land.

• What did the Compromise of 1877 do? (3) A. dealt with the issue of free and slave states B. It ended military occupation of the South and brought Reconstruction to an end C. It led to the Burr-Hamilton duel D. It established a tariff that was neither too high or too low pleasing both sides

• The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness of A. the 14 th and 15 th amendments B. the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. C. civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War. D. immigration laws such as the Gentleman's Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act.

• A major reason the Radical Republicans opposed President Abraham Lincoln's Reconstruction plan was that his plan A. demanded payments from the South that would have damaged the economy B. postponed the readmission of Southern States into the Union for many years. C. granted too many rights to formerly enslaved persons. D. offered amnesty to nearly all Confederates who would swear allegiance to the United States.

• • • • A. B. C. D. “The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of self-government, or self-protection, and the federal government will become their enemy. . ” —South Carolina legislature, Declaration of the Causes of Secession, 1860 “The Union is older than any of these states, and, in fact, it created them as states. ” —Abraham Lincoln, 1861 These quotes represent two sides in which important conflict in American history? the conflict over how much independence states should have in the federal system the conflict over what level of representation small states should have in the federal legislature the conflict over an amendment to the Constitution that would allow slavery in the territories the conflict over whether or not to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands in the West

• Why was the Fourteenth Amendment NOT successfully implemented in Southern states during the Reconstruction Era? A. Southern states refused to acknowledge the amendment because of its provisions. B. Most Southern legislatures had been disbanded by the United States military. C. A majority of Southern states elected to remain outside the Union following the war. D. Southern states were allowed to make their own decisions about segregation legislation.

• Which of the following contributed MOST to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890? A. the desire to establish military posts B. the building of new canals C. the westward shift of the frontier D. the desire for more land to grow cotton

• The “Strong” Government, 1869 – 1877 What is the main idea of this cartoon from the Reconstruction Era? A. Southern society was oppressed by Radical Republican policies. B. Military force was necessary to stop Southern secession. C. United States soldiers forced women in the South to work in factories. D. Sharecropping was an economic burden for women after the Civil War.

END UNIT 4 Civil War and Reconstruction