Before you start ID process l Collect information

Before you start ID process l Collect information by observation or questions o Does client know what it is? o May need to confirm ü Growth habit ü Shape and height ü Any other distinctive characteristics 307

Helpful information Conifer 307 Broadleaf Flowering Plant

Helpful information Evergreen l Most Conifers l Some broadleafflowering trees and shrubs, like Mahonia (Oregon Grape) 307 Deciduous l Most broadleafflowering trees and shrubs l Some Larix (Larch), a Conifer

Helpful information Tree Shrub l Typically over 12 feet tall with dominant trunk l Typically less than 12 feet tall, with multiple branches from the ground Some plant can be trees or shrubs. 307 What does it look like?

Sources 308

Online Tree Identification Keys ü Key to Identifying Common Colorado Landscape Trees o Colorado Master Gardener Program o http: //www. cmg. colostate. edu/Tree. ID/156. html

What questions do you have about identifying trees and shrubs? Microsoft clipart

Identifying Conifers

Conifers Arborvitae Douglas-fir Fir Junipers Larch Pines Spruce Yews Taxonomic division: Pinophyta cone bearing

Conifers Evergreen Taxonomic division: Pinophyta Retains leaves (needles) for multiple years cone bearing

Gymnosperms – naked seeds o Non-flowering o Naked reproductive structures, not being covered by flowers 308

Gymnosperms – naked seeds Pinophyta – Conifers o Cone bearing plants 308

Gymnosperms Pinophyta – Conifers o Needle type identifies plant

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family o Scale or awl-like leaves 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Juniperus – Junipers Thuja – Arborvitae 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Juniperus – Junipers l Leaves o Scale or awl-shaped o Pressed to branch l Foliage displayed around branch 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Juniperus – Junipers l Cones o Fleshy scales pressed together o Berry-like l Dioecious (male and female plants) 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Juniperus – Junipers l Forms o Spreading shrubs 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Juniperus – Junipers l Forms o Upright pyramidal shrubs 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Thuja – Arborvitae l Leaves o Scale-like hugging stem l Foliage in flattened platelike display 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Thuja – Arborvitae l Cones o Small, berry-like with thick scales l Monoecious plants (male and female flowers) 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Thuja – Arborvitae l Forms o Upright pyramidal o Rounded shrubs 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Cupressaceae – Cypress family Thuja – Arborvitae Thuja orientalis Oriental Arborvitae Foliage in vertical plate-like display Thuja occidentalis American or Eastern Arborvitae Foliage in horizontal plate-like displays 309

What questions do you have about identifying junipers and arborvitae? Microsoft clipart

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family l Needle-like leaves 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Pinus – Pine l Needles o Sheathed at base in bundles of 2 s, 3 s, or 5 s 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Pinus – Pine l Needles o Bundles rounded “Twisted needled” Seam between needle bunch turns 310

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Pinus – Pine l Needles in 2 s o Pinus edulis Pinon Pine o Pinus contorta Lodgepole Pine o Pinus mugo Mugo Pine o Pinus nigra Austrian Pine o Pinus sylvestris Scotch Pine

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Pinus – Pine l Needles in 2 s and 3 s o Pinus ponderosa Pine 310

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Pinus – Pine l Needles in 5 s – White Pines o Pinus aristata Bristlecone Pine o Pinus flexilis Limber Pine o Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine o Pinus strobiformis Southwest White Pine 310

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Pinus – Pine l Cones o Scales thick and woody with swollen tips 310

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Pseudotsuga menziesii – Douglas-Fir l Needles o Single o Flat in cross-section o Flexible, soft l Leaf scar oval l Bud tips pointed 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Pseudotsuga menziesii – Douglas-Fir l Cones o 3 -pronged tongue -like bract 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Abies – Fir l Needles o Single o Flat in cross-section o Flexible l Leaf scar round l Bud tips roundish 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Abies – Fir l Cones o Grow upright on branch o Usually disintegrating before falling 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Picea – Spruce l Needles o Single o Square in cross-section o Stiff o Older twigs studded with persistent stumps of fallen needles 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Picea – Spruce l Cones o Papery scales 309

Pinophyta – Conifers Pinaceae – Pine family Larix – Larch l Needles o Short o Tufts of ten or more l May be deciduous 309

What questions do you have about identifying the pine family? Microsoft clipart

Pinophyta – Conifers Taxaceae – Yew family 310

Pinophyta – Conifers Taxaceae – Yew family Taxus – Yew l Leaves o Flat, linear-shaped in feather-like display o Leathery, deep green on top, lighter on bottom 310

Pinophyta – Conifers Taxaceae – Yew family Taxus – Yew l Cones o Red, berry-like l Generally dioecious (male and female plants) 310

Pinophyta – Conifers Taxaceae – Yew family Taxus – Yew l Forms – small shrubs o Upright o Spreading 310

What questions do you have about identifying yews? Microsoft clipart

Key to Conifers A. Leaves scale-like or awl-like B. Leaves needle-like C. Leaves flat, linearshaped in a feather-like display 309

Key to Conifers A. Leaves scale-like or awl-like B. Leaves needle-like C. Leaves flat, linear-shaped in a feather-like display 309

Key to Conifers B. Leaves needle-like 1. Needles single 2. Needles sheathed at the base in bundles of 2 -5 3. Short needles in tufts of ten or more 309

Key to Conifers B. Leaves needle-like 2. Needles sheathed at the base in bundles of 2 -5 Pinus (Pine) 309

Key to Pinus (Pines) 1. Two needles per bundle 2. Two and three needles per bundle 3. Five needles per bundle 310

Key to Pinus (Pines) 1. Two needles per bundle a) Needles ½” to 1 ¾” long, curved, medium green with white lines… b) Needles 1 -2” long, finely toothed, slightly twisted, curved, dark green, more shrub-like c) Needles 1 -3” long, yellowishgreen, slightly twisted… d) Needles 1 ½” to 3” long, twisted… e) Needles 3 -6” long, stiff, dark green dense on the branch… 310 1 -2”

Key to Pinus (Pines) 1. Two needles per bundle b) Needles 1 -2” long, finely toothed, slightly twisted, curved, dark green… more shrub-like Pinus mugo (Mugo Pine) 1 -2” 310

What questions do you have about using the keys? Microsoft clipart

Working with a key Key + Few characteristics + Word phrases + Subjective Easily mis-identified Pines are tricky

Working with a key Key + Few characteristics + Word phrases + Subjective Easily mis-identified Final step ü Compare full plant description

Lab Activity CMG Garden. Notes #154 Worksheet: Identifying Conifers Microsoft clipart

Identifying Broadleaf Flowering Trees and Shrubs

Leaf arrangement, a tool for plant ID On stem 311

Leaf arrangement, a tool for plant ID Leaflets 311

Leaf arrangement, a tool for plant ID Leaflets Leaf or Leaflet? A bud is found at the base of a leaf, but not a leaflet.

Leaf venation, a tool for plant ID Pinnately veined 312 Palmately veined

Leaf shape, a tool for plant ID Overall shape 312

Leaf shape, a tool for plant ID Tip shape 313

Leaf shape, a tool for plant ID Base shape

Leaf shape, a tool for plant ID Margin shape

Leaf surface texture, a tool for plant ID l Ciliate or fringed – hairs along the leaf edge l Glandular – gland bearing hairs l Scabrous – very short hairs 312

Bud type a tool for plant ID 314

Leaf scar and bundle scars, tools for plant ID 314

Stem surface texture, a tool for plant ID l Glabrous – smooth l Glaucous –bloom or whitish covering, often waxy l Hirsute – coarse, stiff hairs, rough enough to break the skin 314

Stem surface texture, a tool for plant ID l Pubescent – hairy l Tomentose – short, matted or tangles, soft wooly hairs 314

Stem pith a tool for plant ID 315

Simple fruit types Dry fruits: dehiscent (splitting open at maturity) l Capsule l Follicle l Legume (Pod) 315

Simple fruit types Dry fruits: indehiscent (not splitting open at maturity) l Samara – Seed with membranous wings 315

Simple fruit types Dry fruits: indehiscent (not splitting open at maturity) l Achene l Nutlet 316

Simple fruit types Fleshy fruits l Berry l Drupe l Pome 316

Aggregate fruit types Single flower contains many pistils, massing multiple fruit on one receptacle. o o 316 Liriodendron (Tuliptree) – aggregate of samaras Maclura (Osage-Orange) – aggregate of drupes Magnolia – aggregate of follicles Rubus (Raspberry) – aggregate of drupes

Multiple fruits Several flowers more or less united into one mass o Morus – Mulberry o Pineapple 316

What questions do you have about characteristics of broadleaf flowering trees and shrubs? Microsoft clipart

i. Clicker question Which is the type of leaf arrangement on stem? a. b. c. d. Alternate Opposite Whorled Rosette

i. Clicker question What is the type of leaf arrangement on the stem? a. Alternate b. Opposite c. Whorled

i. Clicker question What is the type of leaflet arrangement on the petiole? a. b. c. d. Simple Pinnately compound Palmately compound Doubly compound

Online Tree Identification Keys ü Key to Identifying Common Colorado Landscape Trees o Colorado Master Gardener Program o http: //www. cmg. colostate. edu/Tree. ID/156. html

Key to broadleaf trees A. Leaves opposite B. Leave alternate

Key to broadleaf trees A. Leaves opposite 1. Leaves simple 2. Leaves compound

Key to broadleaf trees A. Leaves opposite 1. Leaves simple a) Leaves lobed b) Leaves unlobed

Key to broadleaf trees A. Leaves opposite 1. Leaves simple a) Leaves lobed 1) Leafstalk has milky sap – Acer platanoides (Norway Maple) 2) No milky sap Milky sap in fresh leafstalk

Key to broadleaf trees A. Leaves opposite 1. Leaves simple a) Leaves lobed 1) Leafstalk has milky sap – Acer platanoides (Norway Maple)

Key to broadleaf trees A. Leaves opposite B. Leave alternate

Key to broadleaf trees B. Leave alternate 1. Leaves simple 2. Leaves compound

Key to broadleaf trees B. Leave alternate 2. Leaves compound a) Three leaflets – Ptelea trifoliata (Hop Tree) b) More than three leaflets

Key to broadleaf trees B. Leave alternate 2. Leaves compound a) Three leaflets – Ptelea trifoliata (Hop Tree)

Working with a key Key + Few characteristics + Word phrases + Subjective Easily mis-identified

Working with a key Key + Few characteristics + Word phrases + Subjective Easily mis-identified Final step ü Compare full plant description

Lab Activity CMG Garden. Notes #155 Worksheet: Identifying Broadleaf Flowering Trees and Shrubs Microsoft clipart