Before class Discuss with a partner What cultural

Before class Discuss with a partner. What cultural patterns do you see? What likely cased those patterns?

Environmental Geography 2: Cultural Geography

What we Discussed Last Time • Describe how urban models help explain and predict urban development. • Explain how urban areas are expanding and why. • Determine the challenges to urban growth. • Explain how cities are being build to meet current and future social and environmental demands.

What are we going to discuss today? • Analyze why natural resources are being depleted around the world. • Describe the various types of environmental pollution that humans produce and their effects. • Explain the idea, purpose, and types of renewable energies available.

What is Environmental Geography? branch of geography that describes and explains the spatial aspects of interactions between human individuals or societies and their natural environment.

Which of the following are Natural Resources? • • Food Water Cars Soil Plants Animals Internet • • Biofuel Fossil Fuels Freeways Coal Cities Minerals Computers

Analyze why natural resources are being depleted around the world. • What are the 2 primary types of natural resources? – energy and minerals • What is the most used energy source for less developed nations? – biofuel • What is the central source of energy in more developed nations? – fossil fuel

Fossil Fuels • What are the 2 main environmental concerns with the use of Fossil Fuel's? – Release of greenhouse gas CO 2 – It is a non renewable resource • Why are fossil fuels unevenly distributed? – Plate tectonics , China, Russia and the US were located near the equator 250 -300 million years ago https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t. Obh. Gz. HH 2 aw

What is the Greenhouse Effect? 1. Solar insolation (mostly shortwaves) powers Earth’s climate, radiating energy 2. 2/3 of the 3. Earth’s land insolation is ocean warms and absorbed by radiates out Earth’s (longwave) energy surface back into the atmosphere 4. Much of this is absorbed by natural gasses in the atmosphere (H 2 O, N 20, CO 2, CH 4) and reradiated back to Earth. http: //earthguide. ucsd. edu/earthguide/diagra

What is OPEC? • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Formed in 1960 • Coordinate and unify policies to ensure stabilization of oil markets

Who is in OPEC?

What Countries Have Petroleum?

Discuss with a partner. What cultural patterns do you see? What likely cased those patterns?

What are we going to discuss today? • Analyze why natural resources are being depleted around the world. • Describe the various types of environmental pollution that humans produce and their effects. • Explain the idea, purpose, and types of renewable energies available.

What are the major Non Renewable Substitutes for Petroleum? • Natural Gas. Coal. Nuclear. • Natural Gas Drawbacks? – As it is used more, cost will increase • Coal. Drawbacks? – Releases sulfur, leads to acid rain and CO 2 • Nuclear. Drawbacks? – Potential accidents and radioactive waste

What are the Major types of Environmental Pollution? • Primary Pollution: Humans directly contaminate the earth – Mercury, CO 2 • Secondary pollution: a primary pollutans reacts with another primary pollutant to create a different pollutant – Acid Rain https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ms 4 v 0 Ekv yuw

Anthropogenic Climate Change • Also called Global Warming • A warming of the Earths average air and ocean temperature • Correlated with Carbon Dioxide increased post industrial revolution

Anthropogenic Climate Change • recent survey of climatologists reveals 97% of those scientists think that global climate change is occurring presently and that human activity is the primary cause • scientists first develop a "hypothesis" and then subject their hypothesis to rigorous experimentation and observation. • Multiple proven hypotheses may be collected into a "theory, " which summarizes several experiments and observations.

Are Humans Making the Climate Warmer? A Problem or Question

Are Humans Making the Climate Warmer? Hypothesis: No, natural processes are causing the climate to warm A Problem or Question Make a Hypothesis

Are Humans Making the Climate Warmer? Hypothesis: No, natural processes are causing the climate to warm A Problem or Question Make a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis

Are Humans Making the Climate Warmer? Hypothesis: No, natural processes are causing the climate to warm A Problem or Question Make a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis Prove it

What could cause Global Climate to change? 3 ways to change Earth’s energy balance : 1) Changing the amount of incoming insolation (e. g. by changes in Earth’s orbit or in the Sun itself) 2) Changing the fraction of insolation that is reflected (called ‘albedo’; e. g. by changes in cloud cover, atmospheric particles or vegetation) 3) Altering the longwave radiation from Earth back towards space (e. g. by changing greenhouse gas concentrations).

Are Humans Making the Climate Warmer? Hypothesis: No, natural processes are causing the climate to warm A Problem or Question Make a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis Disprove it

Anthropogenic Climate Change

Discuss with a partner. What cultural patterns do you see? What likely cased those patterns? http: //globalclimate. ucr. edu/resources. html

What countries are emitting CO 2?

Are Humans Making the Climate Warmer? Hypothesis: No, natural processes are causing the climate to warm A Problem or Question Make a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis Prove it Disprove it No Natural Forces for the warming can not be found.

Are Humans Making the Climate Warmer? Hypothesis: Yes, humans are making the climate warmer. A Problem or Question Make a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis Prove it…over and over again Theory or Model

Are Humans Making the Climate Warmer? Hypothesis: Yes, humans are making the climate warmer. A Problem or Question Make a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis Prove it…over and over again Theory or Model A theory need not have 100% agreement to be valid, and theories seldom achieve unanimous approval.

IPCC • https: //youtu. be/6 yi. TZm 0 y 1 YA

What is the Ozone Hole?

How is Naturally Occurring Ozone Formed? • An oxygen molecule (O 2) in the atmosphere is broken into 2 oxygen atoms (O + O) by absorbing ultraviolet light energy from the sun. • The oxygen atom (O) is now free to react with an oxygen molecule (O 2) to create an ozone molecule (O 3).

CFCs and Ozone • In the 1920’s refrigerators were risky because they could leak toxic gases. • CFCs (chloro fluoro carbons) were created as a non-flammable, stable, safe gas. • CFCs began to be put in air conditioners, deodorant sprays, until it was noticed they devour Ozone. • One pound of CFCs can capture and damage several thousand pounds of atmospheric Ozone.

• Ozone Depletion and the Ozone 2 types of Ozone Depletion. Hole 1. A slow, steady decline of about 4 percent per decade in the total amount of ozone in Earth's stratosphere since the late 1970 s 2. Large seasonal decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth's polar regions during the same period. • This creates the Ozone Hole • Consequences include: increases in skin cancer, damage to plants, and reduction of plankton populations in the ocean

Fixing the Ozone Hole: The Montreal Protocol • Montreal Protocol banned the production of CFCs related to ozone depleting chemicals • The Montreal Protocol has led to reductions in the emissions of CFCs. Atmospheric concentrations of the most significant compounds have been declining.

Effects of the Montreal Protocol • Detectable recovery will not occur until around 2024, with ozone levels recovering to 1980 levels by around 2068. • The Antarctic ozone hole is expected to continue for decades. • Ozone concentrations in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica will increase by 5%– 10% by 2020 and return to pre-1980 levels by about 2060– 2075, 10– 25 years later than predicted in earlier assessments. • Ozone Depleting Substances continue to be used in developing countries.

What are we going to discuss today? • Analyze why natural resources are being depleted around the world. • Describe the various types of environmental pollution that humans produce and their effects. • Explain the idea, purpose, and types of renewable energies available.

Explain the idea, purpose, and types of renewable energies available. • • • Types of Renewable Resources: Biomass: burn vegetation as fuel Hydroelectric Power Wind Power and Geothermal energy Solar power Recycling

Discuss with a partner. What cultural patterns do you see? What likely cased those patterns?

Recycling • Easiest items to make from recycled material: news paper, paper towels, aluminum cans, steel and glass • 4 major manufacturing sectors account for over half of the world recycled products: paper mills, plastic convertors, steel mills, iron factories • Plastic differs from #1 -#7

Discuss with a partner. What cultural patterns do you see? What likely cased those patterns?

What are we going to discuss today? • Analyze why natural resources are being depleted around the world. • Describe the various types of environmental pollution that humans produce and their effects. • Explain the idea, purpose, and types of renewable energies available.

KAHOOT! https: //play. kahoot. it/#/k/ac 4 c 32 af-fba 2 -4393 -b 833 d 03553819 ba 8