Beef Unit 11 12 th Grade Learning Targets

Beef Unit 11 -12 th Grade

Learning Targets 1. 2. I can identify various breeds of beef cattle. I can identify proper terminology for beef cattle.

Beef Cattle Facts n n n 80% of Cow herds have less than 50 head of cattle. 8 Beef Cattle Regions in the U. S. Japan is the largest importer of U. S. Beef. More than 50 Beef Breeds to choose from. 10% of all calves die at birth or soon after

Beef Cattle History n Christopher Columbus brought cattle in 1493.

Beef Cattle History n Spanish brought Longhorn to Mexico in 1521.

Beef Cattle History n English brought large numbers of cattle in 1553 when Jamestown Colony was founded.

Bos Indicus Cattle Example n n n Long Floppy Ears Hump on the shoulders. Loose Hide Heat tolerant Resistance to diseases and Insects

Bos Indicus Cattle

Bos Taurus Cattle Example n n Tight hide Short ears

Bos Taurus Cattle

Angus n Imported in 1873 Scotland n Moderate frame n Color: Black n Polled n

Simmental n n Imported 1969 Switzerland Color: Red and White-Black Polled or Horned

Shorthorn n Imported 1783 England n Color: Red/White n Polled or Horned n Dual Purpose n

Beefmaster n n n Originated: 1931 Hereford 25% Shorthorn 25% Brahman 50% Color: Red/Yellowishwhite Very Hardy and milk well

Charolais n n n Origin: France Imported: 1930 Color: White/Creamy Rugged Polled and Horned

Chianina n n n n Imported: 1971 Origin: Italy Color: White Horned Cow: 1500 -2000 lb Bull: 1800 -4000 lb Used for crossbreeding

Limousine n n n Origin: France Color: Red, Black Imported: 1969 Polled or Horned Good Milking ABility

Belted Galloway n n n Imported: Scotland Imported: 1950 White belt around stomach Good mothers Grow Rapidly

Texas Longhorn n n Origin: Texas 1 st Breed in United States Very Adaptable Very cheap to raise Price goes by Horn Length.

Polled Hereford n n n Origin: England Imported: 1817 Henry Clay: Ky. Cow: 1200 lbs Bull: 15002000 lbs Good mother, milk, forager

Horned Hereford n n n Original: Horned Began: 18 th Century Origin; Herefordshire England

Black Hereford n n n Origin: U. S. A Angus Hereford Feed Efficiency Milking ability Docile

Brahman n Imported: 1900 United States Color: White to Gray n Horned n Good mothers

Braford n n n n Origin: Florida Began: 1947 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Hereford Early Puberty Fertile Cow/Bull Calving Ease

Brahmousin Origin: United States 5/8 Limousin 3/8 Brahman Polled Horned Cow 1500 lb Bull 2200 lb

Brangus n n n Origin: United States Developed: 1949 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Angus Heat Resistant Color: Red/Black

Simbrah n n n n Origin: America Color: Varies Polled or Horned Cow: 1500 lbs Bulls: 2200 lbs Fast growers Long life span

Gelbray n n n Origin: America Color: Varies Cow: 1500 lbs Bull: 2200 lbs Polled or Horned Good reproduction, rapid growth

Watsui Origin: Africa n Cow: 900 -1200 lb n Bulls: 10001600 lb n Imported: 1960 n Slow in growth Mostly for Private use. n

Belgian Blue n n n n Origin: Belgium New to U. S. A. Heavy muscling 2 Groups 1. Milk Prod. 2. Beef Prod. Cow: 1500 lbs Bull: 2500 lbs

Gelbvieh n n n n Origin: Germany Imported: 1971 Color: Red Horned or Polled Good Fertility Cow: 1500 lbs Bulls: 2000 lbs

Red Angus n n n Origin: Europe Imported: 1954 Cow: 1000 -1300 Bull: 1500 -2000 Good: Mothers, Crossbreeding, Calving Ease lb lb

Highland n n n Origin: Scotland Color: Yellow, Red, Silver. White Cow: 800 -1100 lb Bull: 900 -1200 lb Very rugged Imported: 1930

Piedmontese n n n Origin: Italy Imported: 1979 Double Muscled Rich milk Color: White Cow: 12001800 Bull: 1800 -2800 lb n lb

Maine Anjou n n n Origin: France Imported: 1969 Cow: 1500 -1900 lb Bull: 2200 -3100 lb Good: Milk, Mature fast Color: Red, Black, Mix Color

Romagnola n n n n Origin: Italy Color: White Horned Cow: 1650 lbs Bulls: 2750 lbs Good feed conversion Imported: 1970

Santa Gertrudis n n n Origin: America Color: Red/Black 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Shorthorn Good mother, fast growers, Polled or horned

Beefalo n n n Origin: America Color: Varies 3/8 Bison 5/8 Beef Cow Good milking, mothers, rapid growth

Gyr n n n Origin: India Color: Varies Cow: 1200 lbs Bull: 2000 lbs Used for: Dairy and Beef Ancestor of Brahman

Zebu n n n Origin: India Imported: 1849 Cow: 1200 lbs Bull: 1800 lbs Used for: Beef and Dairy

Wagyu n n n Origin: Japan Produce: Kobe Beef Imported: 1976 Horned or Polled Color: Black or Red Best Beef? ? ?

Corriente n n n n Origin: Spanish Imported: 1493 Small size Grow slow Horned Used for Rodeos Used: Milk, Beef, Sport

Braunvieh n n n n Origin: Switzerland Imported: 18691880 Color: Brown Bull: 2100 -2500 lb Cow: 1200 -1500 lb Used for: Milk, Meat Horned

Dexter n n n Origin: Ireland Imported: 19051915 Bull: 1000 Lb Cow: 750 Lb Used: Milk, Meat Color: Black and Red

Fighting Bull n n n Origin: Spain Imported: ? Color: Black or Dark Brown Bull: 13001600 lb Used for: Fighting

Tuli n n n n Origin: Zimbabwe Imported: None Polled Color: Red, Yellow, White Medium Size Good Milking ability, Good Mothers

Tarentaise n n n Origin: France Color: Dark Red Imported: 1972 Bull: 1800 lb Cow: 1200 lb Good: Mothers, Milking

Randall n n n Origin: Vermont Cow: 600 -1100 lbs Bull: 1000 -1800 lbs Horned Color: White base and Lineback Traits: Docile, Few calving problems, survival instincts

Florida Cracker n n n Origin: Florida Descended from Spanish stock. Cow: 900 lbs Bull: 900 -1000 lbs Known for: Hardy traits, Resistance to parasites Horned

Miniature Cattle n n n Very Popular Color: Varies Height: 36”-46” Used for: Draft, Milk, Pets, Meat 26 Breeds

Composite Breeds n Cattle of 2 or more breeds that have been crossed to create a better animal.

Barzona

Beefmaster

Braford

Brangus

Santa Gertrudis

Chimaine

Bos Tarus n n n Broken into 2 Categories. British Contential

Continental Cattle n n n Also called Exotics. Grow very fast and gain weight. Originated in Europe

Charolais

Chianina

Limousine

Gelbvieh

Maine-Anjou

Salers

Simmental

Tarentaise

British Breeds n n Known as English Breeds. Known as the foundation breeds in the United States.

Angus

Horned Hereford

Polled Hereford

Red Angus

Red Poll

Shorthorn

ADG n Average daily gain.

AYW n Adjusted yearling weight.

A. I. n Artificial Insemination.

AWW n Adjusted weaning weight.

EPD n Expected Progeny Difference.

Bull n Male animal used for breeding cattle.

Steer n Male that has been castrated.

Cow n Older female who has given birth.

Heifer n Female less than 3 years of age and not given birth.

Polled n Naturally Hornless cattle.

Scurs Small horn tissue attached to the skin rather than the bone.

Horned Horns growing from the skull of the animal.

Terminal Sire n Bull that all of his calves are sold to market.

Paternial Sire n n Bull that all his heifer calves are used as replacement cows.

Open Female n A non pregnant female.

Marbling n Specks of fat found in the muscular tissue.

Cutability Amount of saleable retail cuts that are obtained from the carcass.

Culling n Removing less productive animals from the herd.

Dam n Female parent.

Sire n Male parent.

Free Martin 1 Male Calf 1 Female Calf Heifer calf will not breed.

Progeny Offspring of parents.

Pedigree n Record of the ancestors of a beef animal.

Cattle Frame Score n n Scores are given from: 1 -7 Helps place grades and prices to cattle.

Conformation n n The appearance of the live animal. Includes: Skeletal structure , muscle, fat, balance.

Artificial Insemination n Used to improve the quality of the herd.

Dehorning n Removal of the horns.

Gestation Period n 285 Days

Ruminant n n n n 1 Stomach 4 Compartments Parts: 1. Rumen 2. Reticulum 3. Omasum 4. Abomasum

Closed Herd n Herd in which no outside breeding stock are introduced.

Dystocia n Abnormal or difficult labor causing difficulty in delivering the fetus.

Calving Season n Season of the year when calves are born.

Embryo Transfer n Removing fertilized eggs from 1 donor cow and placing them in a host cow.

Calf Crop n Number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of cows.

Parturition n Act of giving birth; calving.

Ear Tag n Method of identification by attaching a tag to the ear.

Half-Sibs n n Cattle sharing the same sire but different dams. Half brother or sister

Double Muscling n Enlargement of the muscles with large grooves between the muscle.

Cow-Calf System n Cows raise the calves to weaning age. Those calves are sold to other growers.

Back Grounding System n Calf is placed on feed from weaning to the feedlot.

Finishing System n Cattle are placed on feed at the feedlot until they weigh 1, 1001300 lbs

Ration n Amount of feed needed for a 24 hour period. Enough feed for weight gain

Breeds Group Webquest 1. 2 people will work to present on a breed of beef cattle. Each group will create a 10 Slide Presentation.

Cattle Breeds n n n Charolais Chianina Angus Hereford Tarentaise Limousin Brahman Maine Anjou Piedmontese Red Poll Santa Gertrudis Shorthorn Beefmaster Belgian Blue Marchigiana Romagnola Salers Red Angus Simmental Texas Longhorn Wagyu Gelbvieh Florida Cracker Galloway