Becoming a Teacher Ninth Edition Forrest W Parkay

Becoming a Teacher Ninth Edition Forrest W. Parkay Revisions – Michael Immerman Chapter 4 (12 slides) Philosophical Foundations of U. S. Education ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Focus Questions 1. Why is philosophy important to teachers? 2. What is the nature of philosophy? 3. What determines your educational philosophy? 4. What are the branches of philosophy? 5. What are five modern philosophical orientations to teaching? 6. What psychological orientations have influenced teaching philosophies? 7. How can you develop your educational philosophy Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -2

Why is philosophy important to teachers? • Understanding of philosophy will enhance professionalism • Use as a guide for Professional Action • Focuses efforts • In addition – • Knowledge of philosophy of education will help you understand the complex political forces that influence schools • Knowledge of how philosophy has influenced our schools will help you evaluate more effectively current proposals for change • Awareness of how philosophical has influence teaching is a hallmark of professionalism Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -3

What is the nature of philosophy? Philosophy identifying the basic truths about being, knowledge, and conduct • May be defined as the Love of Wisdom Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -4

What determines your educational philosophy? • Beliefs about Teaching and Learning – Transmission of Knowledge & Construction of Knowledge • Beliefs about Students • Beliefs about Knowledge • Beliefs about What is worth knowing • Personal Beliefs Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -5

What Are the Branches of Philosophy? Metaphysics explaining the nature of reality Epistemology explaining knowledge Knowing based on: – Authority – Divine Revelation – Empiricism – Reason and Logic – Intuition Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -6

What Are the Branches of Philosophy? Axiology Explaining values Ethics Explaining morals Aesthetics Explaining values or art and beauty Logic Explaining reasoning – Deductive – Inductive ○ Socratic questioning Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -7

What are the five modern philosophical orientations to teaching? Perennialism Knowledge of unchanging principles or great ideas Stresses students’ intellectual growth in the arts and sciences Essentialism Knowledge of core subjects of knowledge taught in a systematic, disciplined way Progressivism Knowledge from student’s interest Education should be child-centered rather than focused on the teacher or the content area Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -8

What are the five modern philosophical orientations to teaching? Existentialism Knowledge of what is important to the student – Postmodern- Knowledge that challenges historically constructed views of reality – Focuses on the experiences of the individual Social Reconstructionism Knowledge about changing the social order – Believes that schools should take the lead in changing or reconstructing society – Advances collaboration and democracy for all (civil rights, gender equality, etc. ) Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -9

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What psychological orientations have influenced teaching philosophies? Humanism Personal freedom and responsibility determine learning Emphasizes personal freedom, choice, awareness, and personal responsibility Behaviorism Environment determines learning Based on the principle that desirable human behavior can be the product of design rather than accident Constructivism Focuses on processes of learning rather than on learning behavior. Students construct knowledge rather than receiving knowledge Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -11

How can you develop your educational philosophy? Eclectic Philosophy unique blend of 2 or more philosophies Most teachers develop an eclectic philosophy of education Teachers need to identify their beliefs and values about the following: • Educational goals • Curriculum • Teachers’ and students’ roles in learning Becoming At Teacher, 9 e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 -12