be ing He was swimming in the river
분사 => 동사 + (형용사) 의 성질을 가짐 (현재분사): be + ~ing => 진행형 • He was swimming in the river. (과거분사): be + p. p. => 수동형 • The work must be done by him. have + p. p. => 완료형 • I have been sick since last Sunday. A) 한정적 용법 ◈ (1) 현재분사: 능동적, 진행 의미 The barking does not bite. (능동 의미) Look at the boy running along the street. (진행 의미) (2) 과거분사: 수동 의미 Look at that broken window. He has many books written in English.
B) 서술적 용법 (1) 주격보어 • The student came running. • He sat surrounded by the children. • I was excited. (人주어) ※ interested, bored, surprised • It was exciting. (物주어) interesting, boring, surprising (2) 목적격 보어 • I saw him crossing the bridge. • He heard his name called. ※ have(=get)+O+P. P: ①사역: ~시키다 ②수동: ~당하다 ① I will have (=get) my hair cut today. ② I had my purse stolen. • I had the car washed by Tom. ※have+O(物)+P. P =>I had Tom wash the car. ※have+人+ 원형 • I got the tailor to make my dress. ※get+人+ to부정사 =>I got my dress made by the tailor. ※get+O(物)+P. P
◈분사구문(分詞句文): 부사절을 분사 이용 부사구로 {방법}1. 종속절(부사절) 접속사 없앤다. 2. 종속절 주어가 주절 주어와 같을 때 생략 3. 종속절 동사를 분사형으로 고침 A) 시간, 때( when, as, while, after…) • When he saw his dog, he said, “ Go home. ” => Seeing his dog, he said, “ Go home. ” • While I was walking along the street, I met Tom. => Walking along the street, I met Tom. B) 원인, 이유( because, as, since…) • As she is kind, she is loved by everybody. => Being kind, she is loved by everybody. • Since I live in the country, I have few visitors. => Living in the country, I have few visitors.
C) 조건 (if) • If you turn to the left, you will find the hospital. => Turning to the left, you will find the hospital. D) 양보 (though) • Though I live next door, I seldom see him. => Living next door, I seldom see him. E) 부대상황: (1) 동시동작 : as, while => ~ 하면서 (2) 동작의 연속: and + 동사 (1) 동시동작 : as, while => ~ 하면서 • As she was listening to music, she was reading a book. => Listening to music, she was reading a book. => Reading a book, she was listening to music. • While she smiled brightly, she extended her hand. => Smiling brightly, she extended her hand.
• As we sang and danced together, we had a good time. =>Singing and dancing together, we had a good time. =>We had a good time singing and dancing together. (2) 동작의 연속 : and + 동사 • I started at nine, and arrived there at night. => I started at nine, arriving there at night. • He picked up a stone, and threw it at a dog. => He picked up a stone, throwing it at a dog. ☞ 기타 부대상황 표현… • She sat there with her eyes closed. • He worked with his new clothes on. ☞ 분사구문 의미 파악=>접속사를 사용한 의미 파악 • He often makes mistakes (when) speaking English.
◈{분사구문 부정} : not(=never) + 분사 • As I do not know his address, I cannot write to him. => Not knowing his address, I cannot write to him. • As I did not receive any answer, I wrote to him again. => Not receiving any answer, I wrote to him again. ◈{수동태 분사구문} • As he was surprised at the news, he could say nothing. => Being surprised at the news, he could say nothing. => Surprised at the news, he could say nothing. ◈{완료형 분사구문} • After he had finished the work, he went to bed. => Having finished the work, he went to bed. • As I have done my homework, I can play now. => Having done my homework, I can play now.
◈{독립분사구문}: 주어 다를 때 분사 앞에 주어 표시 • As it was fine, we went out for a walk. => It being fine, we went out for a walk. • When school was over, I went to the game room. => School being over, I went to the game room. ◈{무인칭 독립분사 구문} : 주어가 막연한 사람 • ( If we speak generally, the earth is round. ) => Generally speaking, the earth is round. ※일반적 으로 말하면 • Considering his age, he looks young. ※ ~을 고려하면, ~에 비하면 => If we consider his age, he looks young.
※ generally speaking : (일반적으로 말하면) strictly speaking : (엄밀히 말하면) frankly speaking : (솔직히 말하면) honestly speaking : (정직하게 말하면) truthfully speaking : (사실적으로 말하면) subjectively speaking : (주관적으로 말하면) roughly speaking : (대충 말하면) objectively speaking : (객관적으로 말하면) talking of : ~로 말하면 ※ judging from : ~로 판단하면 ※
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