BCT 100 Overview of the Construction Industry Structural

BCT 100 Overview of the Construction Industry

Structural Failure (continued) • Strength of Materials Failure • Engineering / Design Error • Poor Construction • Unauthorized Substitution • Loadings Applied that were not Considered

Three Examples • John Hancock Tower, Boston • Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kansas City • Citicorp Tower, New York City

• John Hancock Tower, Boston Pei Cobb Freed Associates, Architects

• Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kansas City

• Citicorp Tower, • New York City

• Photo with plywood for windows

• Kansas City Hyatt Regency, 1981

• Kansas City Hyatt Regency, 1981 • 1. Undersized Structural Members

• Kansas City Hyatt Regency, 1981 • 2. Substitution of Design without Check

• Citicorp Tower in NYC

• Citicorp Tower in NYC sits on four huge columns that are not at the corners

• Citicorp Tower in NYC. Every eight floors is supported by a huge truss.

• Citicorp Tower • Under Construction • Note the Truss Construction on the Tower Shaft

• The Engineer, William Le. Messurier

• Catastrophic Structural Failure

• Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA • Galloping Gertie

• Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA • Opening Day Ceremony

• Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA • High Winds Cause Oscillation in the Bridge Deck

• Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Tacoma, WA • Bridge Design Magnifies Oscillation. • Bridge Tears Itself Apart

• Charles de Gaulle International Airport • Paris, France • Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure

• Charles de Gaulle International Airport • Paris, France • Exterior Glass Cladding

• • Charles de Gaulle International Airport Paris, France Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure Section thru Terminal Building

• Charles de Gaulle International Airport • Paris, France • Reinforced Concrete ‘Tube’ Structure

• L’Ambiance Plaza, Bridgeport, CT

• Structural Failure usually occurs surprisingly quickly

• Slight changes in design or installation can mean the difference between success and….

• Structural Collapse

• Hartford Coliseum, Hartford CT • Roof Collapse

• B and O Railway Roundhouse • Roof Collapse due to snow load

• Understanding prevailing winds and snow loading

• Ice Accumulation on a telecommunications tower in Kansas

• Snow and Ice Damage on a smaller scale

• Water Infiltration as a demolition tool

• Minneapolis MI Freeway Bridge

• Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This

• Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This • Who said “Just Put it Up There”

• Adequate Consideration Prior to Work Being Done Can Prevent This • Demolition Workers Caused This

• If Given Options, Consider Where You Build

• Don’t Be Afraid to Second Guess your Design Team and Ask Questions • MGM Grand Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada • No Sprinkler System Installed. 85 Dead, Hundreds Injured