BBA Part 11 Gajaseni 2001 Man and Environment

BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) Man and Environment Asst. Dr. Nantana Gajaseni <gnantana@chula. ac. th> 1

What is environment? Q. What is environment? w A. It depends! w Q. Depends on what? w A. Depends on "Environment of whom? " w BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 2

w Q. How about “environment of human”? w A. Wait and see! BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 3

Q. Who is "human"? w A. Wait until the next section! w Q. Is human a living object? w A. ? w BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 4

The human animal BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 5

w Q 1. What is living object? w Q 2. What are differences between living and non-living objects? BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 6

w A. From biological perspective: w Life = biosystems organized by interactions between biological components interacting with physical environments, and become a unified whole with capacity to maintain homeostasis and self-perpetuation BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 7

Sign of life w 1. Highly complex organization = all other characteristics of life emerge from an organism’s complex organization BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 8

w 2. Self-homeostasis = Self-maintenance of a steady-state internal environment in the variations of external environment. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 9

w 3. Self-perpetuation = Life comes only from life. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 10

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w 4. Growth and development = the increment of volume and changes in structure and functions to suit with new form of life BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 13

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Insert larva picture BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 15

w 5. Interactions = Life needs energy and matter utilization for maintenance of life BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 16

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6. Adaptation = Life evolve as a result of the interaction between organisms and their environments BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 19

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w 7. Response = Life adjusts itself to the environment. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 21

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w From biological perspective, these are biological spectrum w Biotic components BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 25

Gene Cell Organ �� biotic component Organism Communities Populations BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 26

Biotic components cannot survive in isolation. They must interact with physical or a biotic environments. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 27

Generalized diagram of inputs, throughputs, and outputs in a system System Throughputs (flows) System Inputs System Outputs Information Useless information Energy Waste heat Matter Waste matter BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 28

Interaction between each biotic level with physical environment through energy, matter, and information produces characteristic functional system. "Biosystem" or "life" BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 29

Organizational hierarchy in nature can be seen from "universe" down to "subatomic particles". BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 30

Milky way Universe Galaxy �� solar system Solar system Earth BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 31

The natural world is organized, diverse, dynamic, and yet complex. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 32

Q. How can life be seen in nature? A. A hierarchy of organization of matter. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 33

Fig 3 -6 BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 34

Then, there is hierarchy of biosystems. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 35

Q. What is the determinant of life? A. Environment by evolutionary processes. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 36

Fig 20’ BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 37

w Q. How did life emerge on the Earth? BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 38

Fig 8 -11 (21(’ BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 39

Chemical evolution Biological evolution 1 billion years 3. 7 billion years Transparency 78 Fig 6 -5 summary of the evolution of the earth and its life. BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 40

Q. Is human a hierarchy of organization of matter? BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 41

Q. What is the difference of “interaction between man and environment” and “interaction between other organisms and environment” BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) ? 42

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w A. Organisms adapt themselves to the environments. w While “ Human modify environments to suit themselves. ” BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 44

Human environment 2 groups BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 45

w 1. Natural environment: 4 spheres w 1. 1 Biosphere = Space occupied by life w 1. 2 Atmosphere = Space occupied by air w 1. 3 Lithosphere = Space occupied by solid w 1. 4 Hydrosphere = Space occupied by water BBA Part 1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001) 46