Baz stasyonlarnn sala etkisi Prof Dr Cengiz Kurtman

Baz İstasyonlarının sağlığa etkisi Prof. Dr. Cengiz Kurtman Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi RADYASYON ONKOLOJİSİ

Elektromanyetik Enerji E= h. c/ λ İyonize ve Non-iyonize şekli vardır Radyofrekans-Haberleşme Tıpta λ: Dalga boyu

ELEKTROMANYETİK ENERJİ (EME) TIP X ve GAMA Radyasyon ISI GÖRÜNÜR IŞIK HABERLEŞME ISI MİKRODALGA RADYO KIZIL ÖTESİ DALGALARI

Non iyonize EME her yerde zaten vardır! Yararlıdır! • Güneş • Görünen ışık, RENKLER • Yerkürenin ısınması-ISI • Kırmızı ötesi – infrared. ISI • Mikro dalga-ISI • UV-Mor ötesi, Bitkiler n n n MRI görüntüleme VHF/UHF TV AM/FM Radyo, Radar, Uydu, Kablosuz ev telefonu HABERLEŞME

İYONİZE NON İYONİZE ISI Tıpta ISI Radyofrekan s Haberleşm e

Tartışma nedir? Baz istasyonlar Zararlımıdır? Bilgi eksikliği! Çarpıtma-Spekülasyon

İyonize edici olmayan EME (non-iyonize) Radyasyon ? kelimesi nedeni ile Yanlış ve eksik bilgi ile Zararlı ve yaşamı tehdit eden bir unsur gibi yanlış algılanmakta Kanser ? yapıcı unsur gibi yanlış algılanmaktadır Kanıtlanmış zararlı, tehdit edici ve kanser yapıcı etki YOKTUR

Kamu oyunun aydınlatılması gereken husus; Non-iyonize ve İyonize enerjiler karıştırılmamalıdır n Non-iyonize EM enerji her yerde ve yaşam alanlarımızda zaten bizimledir n Işık, Güneş, Yaşam enerjisi, Radyo, Televizyonun Radar vb zaten bizimledir n Madde ve Enerji dönüşümünün kendisidir (astro fizik) n

İyonize edici olmayan (non-iyonize EME) Baz istasyon kaynaklı Radyofrekans Dalgaları Haberleşme teknolojisinde baz istasyon ve mobil telefonlarda çok yararlı şekilde kullanılır. Elektron kopmaz, iyonlaşma yapmaz, radikal olmaz, hücre hasarı olmaz, DNA hasarı olmaz ZARAR VERMEZ

Baz İstasyonları ve Cep Telefonlarının beyin tümörü yapıcı etkisi yoktur! n n n New England Journal of Medicine, 2001 Cellular telephone use and brain Tumors British Medical Journal, 2006 Mobile phone use and risk of glioma in adults European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2007 Use of mobile phones in Norway and risk of intracranial tumours British Journal of Cancer, 2008 Mobile phone use, exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field and brain tumour: A case-control study Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2001 Cellular telephones and cancer Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2006 Cellular telephones use and cancer risk

Baş bölgesi Nörinom tümörlerinde artış yoktur! n American Journal of Epidemiology, 2004 Cellular telephone use and acoustic neuroma n British Journal of Cancer, 2005 Mobile phone use and risk of acoustic neuroma, Results of the Interphone case-control study in the five North European countries

Baş bölgesi Menenjiom ve Gliom tümörlerinde artış yoktur! n Neurology, 2005 Cellular telephones and risk for brain tumors: A population-based incident case-control study n American Journal of Epidemiology, 2005 Long-term mobile phone use and brain tumor risk

National Cancer Instıtute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) n Baz istasyonları ve mobile telefonların dramatik yaygınlaşması ve kullanılmasında dramatik artış olmasına rağmen 1975 -2005 yılları arasında yaş grupları ile birlikte beyin ve sinir sistemi tümörlerinde artış yoktur! National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 2008

Bioelectromagnetics. 2009 Feb; 30(2): 100 -13. Effects of short-term W-CDMA mobile phone base station exposure on women with or without mobile phone related symptoms Furubayashi T, Ushiyama A, Terao Y, at all. Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. To investigate possible health effects of mobile phone use, we conducted a double-blind, crossover provocation study to confirm whether subjects with mobile phone related symptoms (MPRS) are more susceptible than control subjects to the effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted from base stations. We sent questionnaires to 5, 000 women and obtained 2, 472 valid responses from possible candidates; from these, we recruited 11 subjects with MPRS and 43 controls. There were four EMF exposure conditions, each of which lasted 30 min: continuous, intermittent, and sham exposure with and without noise. Subjects were exposed to EMF of 2. 14 GHz, 10 V/m (W-CDMA), in a shielded room to simulate whole-body exposure to EMF from base stations, although the exposure strength we used was higher than that commonly received from base stations. We measured several psychological and cognitive parameters pre- and post -exposure, and monitored autonomic functions. Subjects were asked to report on their perception of EMF and level of discomfort during the experiment. The MPRS group did not differ from the controls in their ability to detect exposure to EMF; nevertheless they consistently experienced more discomfort, regardless of whether or not they were actually exposed to EMF, and despite the lack of significant changes in their autonomic functions. Thus, the two groups did not differ in their responses to real or sham EMF exposure according to any psychological, cognitive or autonomic assessment. In conclusion, we found no evidence of any causal link between hypersensitivity symptoms and exposure to EMF from base stations.

Bioelectromagnetics. 2007 Jul; 28(5): 368. Effects of short- and long-term pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on night sleep and cognitive functions in healthy subjects. Fritzer G, Göder R, Friege L, at all. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center of Integrated Psychiatry, Christian. Albrechts-University Kiel School of Medicine, Kiel, Germany. There has been wide public discussion on whether the electromagnetic fields of mobile telephones and their base stations affect human sleep or cognitive functioning. As there is evidence for learning and memory-consolidating effects of sleep and particularly of REM sleep, disturbance of sleep by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields might also impair cognitive functions. Previously realized sleep studies yielded inconsistent results regarding short-term exposure. Moreover, data are lacking on the effect that short- and long-term exposure might have on sleep as well as on cognitive functions. Therefore, 10 healthy young male subjects were included and nocturnal sleep was recorded during eight consecutive nights. In the second, third, and last night, we investigated polysomnographic night sleep and cognitive functions. After the adaptation and baseline nights, the participants were exposed to a defined radiofrequency electromagnetic field during the following six nights. We analyzed polysomnographic night sleep according to Rechtschaffen and Kales [1968, Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep of Human Subjects] as well as by power spectra and correlation dimension. Cognitive functions were investigated by an array of neuropsychological tests. Data analysis was done by comparing the baseline night with the first and last exposure night and the first two sleep cycles of the respective nights. We did not find significant effects, either on conventional sleep parameters or on power spectra and correlation dimension, nor were there any significant effects on cognitive functions. With our results, we are unable to reveal either short-term or cumulative long-term effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on night sleep and cognitive functions in healthy young male subjects.

Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009; 66: 124 -130; ORIGINAL ARTICLES Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: phase 2 of a cross-sectional study with measured radio frequency electromagnetic fields G Berg-Beckhoff, M Blettner, B Kowall, at all. Germany Objective: The aim of the cross-sectional study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to continuous low-level radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted from mobile phone base stations was related to various health disturbances. Methods: For the investigation people living mainly in urban regions were selected from a nationwide study in 2006. In total, 3526 persons responded to a questionnaire (response rate 85%). For the exposure assessment a dosimeter measuring different RF-EMF frequencies was used. Participants answered a postal questionnaire on how mobile phone base stations affected their health and they gave information on sleep disturbances, headaches, health complaints and mental and physical health using standardised health questionnaires. Information on stress was also collected. Multiple linear regression models were used with health outcomes as dependent variables (n = 1326). Results: For the five health scores used, no differences in their medians were observed for exposed versus non-exposed participants. People who attributed adverse health effects to mobile phone base stations reported significantly more sleep disturbances and health complaints, but they did not report more headaches or less mental and physical health. Individuals concerned about mobile phone base stations did not have different well-being scores compared with those who were not concerned. Conclusions: In this large population-based study, measured RF-EMFs emitted from mobile phone base stations were not associated with adverse health effects.

Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Mar; 115(3): 416 -24. Workgroup report: base stations and wireless networks-radiofrequency (RF) exposures and health consequences. Valberg PA, van Deventer TE, Repacholi MH. Cambridge, Massachusetts USA Radiofrequency (RF) waves have long been used for different types of information exchange via the air waves--wireless Morse code, radio, television, and wireless telephone (i. e. , construction and operation of telephones or telephone systems). Increasingly larger numbers of people rely on mobile telephone technology, and health concerns about the associated RF exposure have been raised, particularly because the mobile phone handset operates in close proximity to the human body, and also because large numbers of base station antennas are required to provide widespread availability of service to large populations. The World Health Organization convened an expert workshop to discuss the current state of cellular-telephone health issues, and this article brings together several of the key points that were addressed. The possibility of RF health effects has been investigated in epidemiology studies of cellular telephone users and workers in RF occupations, in experiments with animals exposed to cell-phone RF, and via biophysical consideration of cell-phone RF electric-field intensity and the effect of RF modulation schemes. As summarized here, these separate avenues of scientific investigation provide little support for adverse health effects arising from RF exposure at levels below current international standards. Moreover, radio and television broadcast waves have exposed populations to RF for > 50 years with little evidence of deleterious health consequences. Despite unavoidable uncertainty, current scientific data are consistent with the conclusion that public exposures to permissible RF levels from mobile telephone and base stations are not likely to adversely affect human health.

Tıpta İyonize edici EME İnsan sağlığı yararları için kullanılır Temel şart Elektron koparmasıdır İyonlaşma, Radikaller DNA üzerine etki

Nano teknolojik düzeyde, Enerji bıçağı gibi davranarak kesme ve koparma işlemi DİREKT ETKİ İNDİREKT ETKİ H H SU O OH. SERBEST RADIKAL

Elekto manyetik enerji ancak iyonize edebiliyor ise Tıpta da çok yararlı amaçlar için kullanılır n n Tedavi; Radyoterapi, Kanser tedavisi Radyasyon Onkolojisi Tanı-Tedavi; Nükleer Tıp Tanı; Radyolojik görüntüleme Tanı; Laboratuvar inceleme

Radyasyon Onkolojisi-Radyoterapi; İyonize Radyasyon ile tedavi; Kanserin tam merkezinden tedavisinde vazgeçilmez en gelişmiş ve en önemli unsuru haline gelmiştir; n 3 D-CRT (Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy) IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy) n Gama ışın bıçağı (Gama Knife) n Radyasyon ışını uzay bıçağı (Cyber Knife) n Radyasyon ışın-cerrahisi (Stereotactic Radiosurgery) n Brachytherapy, Radyoaktif “ATOM” tedavisi n

Sonuç 1; İyonize edici EME; Modern Tıpta, vazgeçilmez çok yararlı unsurdur İyonize olmayan EME; Modern yaşamda, Haberleşmede, Baz İstasyonlarda ve Mobil Telefonlarda Milletler arası teknolojik standartlarda Sağlığa zarar vermeyen, vazgeçilmez, çok yararlı unsurdur

Sonuç 2; Radyasyon Onkolojisi n n n Kanseri radyasyon ile tedavi eden, Radyasyon Fiziği ve Radyobiyolojik etkilerin iyi bilenmesi gereği, uygulamalarının kazandırdığı deneyim; Klinik tecrübeler, bilimsel araştırmalar ve kanıta dayalı; Ülkemizde ve milletler arası kongrelerde ve yayınlarda Non iyonize elekromanyetik radyafrekanslar enerjilerinin Baz istasyonlar veya Mobil telefonlar üzerinden canlıya zarar verici veya kanser oluşturucu etkileri

“Üniversitem ve Şahsım Adına” T. C. Ulaştırma Bakanlığına Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu Telekomunikasyon İletişim Başkanlığına ve Başk. Yar. Doç. Dr. Ertuğrul Karaçuha’ya “Teşekkür Ederim”