Battles of WWII CHC 2 D Introductory Agenda
Battles of WWII CHC 2 D
Introductory: Agenda • Power-point of battles of WWII and the Turning Points of WWII • Activity – Find Your Other Half
Introductory: Purpose/Learning Goals • After today’s lesson, I will be able to: ▫ Name and Explain the 1 st 5 Main Battles of WW@ �Pearl Harbour �Battle of Hong Kong �Battle of the Atlantic �Battle of Britain �Battle of Dieppe ▫ State the importance of each battle �Be able to explain the details and historical significance (history pillar) of each battle ▫ Identify and explain with great clarity the turning points of WW 2 and Canada’s influence.
1) Attack on Pearl Harbour • December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbour (American Navy base located by Hawaii, USA) was attacked by Japanese Navy (360 planes) ▫ Attack was meant as a warning to USA from Japan from entering the war �Japan was hungry for more land resources of the Pacific region • 2500 Americans were killed; 1200 injured
TURNING POINT FOR USA: entered into war and declared war on Japan • Entered into war and declared war on Japan!
Canada’s Response to Pearl Harbour • Canadians did not respond well to attack on American soil • Those who were originated from Axis were not to be trusted and casted aside (mainly Asian descendents) ▫ Japanese Internment Camps
Japanese Internment Camps • Japanese Canadians were casted aside (thought to be dangerous) • Forced to leave homes and give up belongings ▫ Many belongings were sold ▫ Forced into isolated camps where men and women were separated
DID YOU KNOW?
2) Battle of Hong Kong • December 8, 1941 (day after Pearl Harbour) ▫ Japanese attacked Northern Malaysia and moved towards British colony of Hong Kong • 2000 Canadian troops were stationed ▫ Non-combat ▫ No support ▫ Canadians fought bravely alongside Britain
2) Battle of Hong Kong (cont’d) • December 25, 1941 – Hong Kong surrendered • Soldiers were either killed in defense or taken into captivity ▫ Japanese “Prisoner of War Camps” • 290 Canadians died in battle • 267 died in Prisoner of War Camps
Prisoner of War Camps • Housed captured militants (e. g Canada, Britain) • Conditions were brutal ▫ Lack of clothing, food and shoes ▫ DENIED BASIC RIGHTS TO LIVE ▫ Form of revenge towards the Allies (by Japanese)
3) Battle of Britain • July 10, 1940 • Hitler attacked Britain – wanted to wipe out British Air Force ▫ “blitzkrieg” ▫ Hitler used the air to attack Britain • However, British population proved to be stronger ▫ Hid in bomb shelters, subway tunnels ▫ Civilians would fix Britain after an attack �They were not willing to back down!
4) Battle of the Atlantic • On going throughout World War 2 • 1940 -1943 • German U-boats sank many Canadian vessels ▫ Vessels carrying supplies for war in Europe • German U-boats travelled in wolf packs ▫ Attacked and preyed on lone ships
4) Battle of Atlantic (cont’d) • Closest to Canadian soil • Longest battle of WWII • Fight was “won by courage, fortitude, and determination of British and Allied Merchant Navy” ▫ Consistently made dangerous trips across Atlantic Ocean ▫ Convoy System �Merchant ships sail in groups by an armed naval escort
5) Dieppe Raid • August 19, 1942 ▫ 5000 Canadian soldiers + 1000 British soldiers planned to attack the French port of Dieppe (under German rule) ▫ Plan was to seize town, destroy facilities and return to England ▫ Key element for victory was the element of surprise
5) Dieppe Raid (cont’d) • German troops were ready for Canadians ▫ German troops overheard the troops approaching the beach ▫ By the time Canadians hit the beach – the Germans were ready to attack • 901 Canadians killed • 2000 captured • Country of Canada went into mourning!
5) Dieppe Raid (cont’d) • Lessons learned from Dieppe Raid: ▫ 1) Allies learned the power of the German army ▫ 2) Much more military strength is needed when attacking German army ▫ 3) Don’t let all soldiers go attack at once!
TURNING POINTS OF WW 2 CHC 2 D
Field Marshal – General Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) • Led British and American troops in North Africa (1941) • Drove back German and Italian forces • Sign that the Allies were approaching power and control!
Involvement of USA • After Pearl Harbour attack, USA entered war with force! (1941) • Declared and attacked Japan • Defeated Japanese navy • Dropped FIRST atomic bomb ▫ August 1945 – Hiroshima ▫ Catastrophic results for Japan ▫ Second bomb dropped 3 days later (Nagasaki) ▫ Japan eventually surrendered…
Italy Defeat! • Canadian soldiers didn’t seem action since Dieppe Raid • Within 38 days, Canadians and other Allied troops were planning to invade Italy • Mussolini’s dream of new Roman Empire was coming to an end ▫ His own people rebelled and threw him out ▫ However, Germany troops quickly invaded (Hitler didn’t waste any time!)
Italy Defeat! • Battle was hard and difficult – 91 000 Canadians fought! ▫ More than 30 000 were killed ▫ German troops fought hard! • Battle of Ortona = KEY MOMENT FOR CANADIANS
Battle of Ortona • 1375 Canadians lost their lives • Battle lasted one month • Series of streetfighting ▫ Canadians became experts at streetfightings (Italy)
Battle of Ortona • Mouse-holing technique ▫ Used explosive charges to blast a hole from the attic of one house through wall into another house ▫ Canadian soldiers used grenades and spraying machine gun-fire – jumped through hole ▫ Cleared house and moved onto the next • Germans considered Canadians to be a tough opponent – put their best soldiers against us!!!
Italy Defeat! • On June 4, 1944: Allied armies entered Rome ▫ Canadian, British, American (and other Commonwealth country) soldiers marched to the cheers of the Italian people!
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