Battlegrounds Shift CHAPTER 6 LESSON 3 Fighting in

Battlegrounds Shift CHAPTER 6, LESSON #3

Fighting in the West Many Natives sided with the British: ØFighting took place west of the colonies ØNative raids on colonists ØBritish paid natives for settlers’ scalps George Rogers Clark ØVirginia militia leader ØCaptured British Forts: ØKaskaskia, Cahokia ØCaptured British town of Vincennes

The War at Sea Britain had most powerful Navy: ØUsed ships to blockade (no ships could leave or enter) ports American Navy too weak: ØHired 2, 000 privateers: privately owned ships with cannons ØCapture enemy ships and cargo John Paul Jones: ØUS Navy officer and hero: raided British ports ØSeptember 1779: Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis Ø“I have not yet begun to fight!” ØFought for hours until American victory

Fighting in the South ØBritish realized winning in the north would not be easy ØChanged focus to South more loyalists Henry Clinton (British general): Ø 1778: Sent 3, 500 British troops south: ØTook over Savannah, Georgia and rest of state Ø 1780: Attacked Charles Town, South Carolina ØTook thousands of prisoners ØWorst defeat for Americans during war ØClinton went back to NY and left General Charles Cornwallis in charge. ØGates sent to face Cornwallis but was defeated in Camden, South Carolina.

Stop 1. What Virginia military leader fought British in the West? 2. Define the word: Privateer 3. Who was the Captain of the Bonhomme Richard? 4. What British commander took over Georgia and South Carolina?

Hit and Run Tactics Francis Marion “The Swamp Fox” ØUsed “hit and run” tactics against British ØAmbush British forces from concealed locations ØForced British to divide forces (made them easier to attack) ØKept the British from taking hold of South Carolina "As for this damned old fox, the Devil himself could not catch him. “ - British Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarelton Swamp Fox

Spain’s Help Bernardo de Gálvez ØSpanish governor of Louisiana ØShipped tons of supplies and ammunition up Mississippi river ØUsed by George Rogers Clark (help him be victorious) ØRaised an army to fight the British ØDrove British out of Gulf of Mexico region

American Successes ØBritish moved north through Carolinas ØThreatened to “hang [patriot] leaders” and “lay waste to country” if colonists did not join British cause. King’s Mountain ØPatriot militia killed or captured 1, 000 loyalist militia soldiers. Nathanael Greene ØReplaced Gate as commander of American forces in South ØDivided forces and achieved victory at Cowpens, SC ØForced Cornwallis to give up Southern campaign and move north Nathanael Greene

Cornwallis Retreats Cornwallis ØRealizes more French troops are arriving ØMoves British north to Virginia ØWashington sends troops south (led by Lafayette and General Wayne) ØBritish take refuge in Yorktown, VA …stay tuned!

Stop 1. Who was known as the Swamp Fox? 2. Who was the Spanish governor of Louisiana who help the Americans? 3. During what battle did the Patriots capture or kill 1, 000 Loyalists? 4. During which battle did Nathanael Greene’s forces defeat the British in South Carolina?