BASIL DIFAUniv of BASILicata Raman Lidar Location Potenza

BASIL - DIFA-Univ. of BASILicata Raman Lidar Location: Potenza, 40° 38'45. 23" N 15° 48'29. 32" E, 730 m asl Measured parameters: • • particle backscatter at 355 and 532 nm, particle extinction at 355 nm, lidar ratio at 355 nm, particle depolarization at 355 nm, atmospheric temperature water vapour mixing ratio. relative humidity measurements obtained from simultaneous lidar measurements of water vapour and temperature. SEA-TAINER WITH SIZE THAT ALSO ALLOW EASY TRANSPORTATION ON ROAD 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

BASIL LASER: Nd: YAG laser (Quanta Systems – SYL 202) Max. Pulse Energy@ 355 nm Maximum repetition rate Beam divergence Pulse duration 250 m. J 20 Hz 0. 5 mrad 5 ÷ 6 ns RECEIVING SYSTEM: Newtonian telescope Primary mirror diameter Combined focal length Field of view 0. 4 m 1. 8 m 0. 5 mrad SPECTRAL SELECTION: based on Interference Filters Aerosol/clouds N 2 Wavelength (nm) Bandwidth (nm) Out-of-band blocking CW Transmission (%) 532 1. 0 10 -6 50 355 0. 5 10 -6 30 387 1. 0 10 -10 30 H 2 O 407 0. 3 10 -10 30 T(Lo. J) T(Hi. J) 354. 1 -5 352. 5 -353. 5 0. 3 1. 0 10 -6 30 30 DETECTORS: photomultipliers Photocathode = Bialkali Quantum efficiency @ 355 nm= 20 % Gain = 2 x 106 ACQUISITION: photon counting mode Minimum dwell time 100 ns Bandwidth 125 MHz Optimized for both night-time and day-time operation Vertical pointing capability only 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

BASIL Measurement precision Water Vapor Mixing Ratio DIFA-Univ. Basilicata 5 minute 150 meters Dt=5 min, Dz=150 meters • day <5% up to 2 km • night <2% up to 2 km, <20% up to 6 km Up to 13 km with 30 min time integration 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

BASIL Measurement precision Temperature BASIL Dt = 5 minute Dz = 150 meters Dt=5 min, Dz=150 meters • day < 2 K up to 2 km • night <1 K up to 2 km, <2 K up to 7 km Up to 26 km with 1 h 30 min time integration Up to 36 km with ≈ 8 h min time integration 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

BASIL - DIFA - Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 06 -07 September 2004 – Particle backscattering at 355 nm (m-1 sr-1) 12 11 Height a. s. l. (m) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 17: 32 19: 52 22: 13 GMT Time 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April 00: 33 02: 55 DT = 1 min, Dz = 30 m

BASIL - DIFA - Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 06 -07 September 2004 – Water vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 12 11 Height a. s. l. (m) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 17: 32 19: 52 22: 13 GMT Time 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April 00: 33 02: 55 DT = 1 min, Dz = 30 m

BASIL - DIFA - Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 06 September 2004 – Particle extinction at 355 nm (m-1) 12 11 Height a. s. l. (m) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 17: 32 19: 52 22: 13 GMT Time 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April 00: 33 02: 55 DT = 1 min, Dz = 300 m

BASIL - DIFA - Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 06 September 2004 – Extinction-to-backscatter ratio at 355 nm (sr) 12 11 Height a. s. l. (m) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 17: 32 19: 52 22: 13 00: 33 02: 55 Timefor cirrus clouds & altostratus Lidar ratio 20 -25 sr GMT Typical DT = 1 min, Dz = 300 Lidar ratio 40 -80 sr Typical for aerosols in PBL m

BASIL - DIFA - Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 06 September 2004 – Temperature (K) 11 Height a. s. l. (m) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 17: 32 19: 52 22: 13 GMT Time 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April 00: 33 02: 55 DT = 5 min, Dz = 300 m

BASIL - DIFA - Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 06 September 2004 – Relative humidity (with respect to water) % 12 11 Height a. s. l. (m) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 17: 32 19: 52 22: 13 00: 33 GMT due Timeto cirrus sublimation Upper tropospheric humidification 02: 55 DT = 10 min, Dz = 300 m

BASIL (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site 730 folding m) Dry stratospheric intrusion. N, episode associated with a ofelevation: tropopause event 01 -03 October 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 Log Scale 3130 730 18: 05 02: 35 01 October 10: 25 GMT Time DT=10 min; Dz=75 m <5 km 150 m >5 km 02 October 18: 15 02: 15 03 October 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

1 -2 October 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/kg) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 Log Scale 3130 730 18: 05 21: 40 01: 15 04: 50 08: 25 UT Time 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

1 -2 October 2005 – Atmospheric temperature (K) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 730 18: 05 21: 40 01: 15 04: 50 08: 25 UT Time 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

1 -2 October 2005 – Relative humidity (%) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 Log Scale 3130 730 18: 05 21: 40 01: 15 04: 50 08: 25 UT Time 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

WATER VAPOUR MIXING RATIO DT=10 min; Dz=150 m

Data provided for assimilation purposes: Specific humidity Atmospheric temperature Based on the requests from the data assimilation people, 10 minute integration time (6 profiles per hour) Vertical resolution for water vapour: 75 m up to 5 km 150 m above 5 km This allows to get a measuement error not exceeding 20 % up to approx. 7 -8 km at night and up to approx. 4 km in daytime. Vertical resolution for temperature 600 m Data have been delivered in Net. CDF format. 3 rd COPS & GOP Workshop, 10/11 April

BACK-UP SLIDES

Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 11 -12 October 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 730 17: 55 22: 55 04: 15 GMT Time 11 October DT=10 min; Dz=75 m <5 km 150 m >5 km 09: 25 12 October 13: 35 14: 55

Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 11 -12 October 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 Log Scale 3130 730 17: 55 22: 55 04: 15 GMT Time 11 October DT=10 min; Dz=75 m <5 km 150 m >5 km 09: 25 12 October 13: 35 14: 55

Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) (%) 11 -12 October 2005 – Relative error 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 Log Scale 3130 730 17: 55 22: 55 04: 15 GMT Time 11 October DT=10 min; Dz=75 m <5 km 150 m >5 km 09: 25 12 October 13: 35 14: 55

WATER VAPOUR MIXING RATIO TEMPERATURE

Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) (K) 11 -12 October 2005 – Temperature 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 730 17: 55 22: 55 11 October DT=10 min; Dz=600 m 04: 15 14: 55 GMT Time 12 October

Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 11 -12 October 2005 – Temperature error (K) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 730 17: 55 22: 55 11 October DT=10 min; Dz=600 m 04: 15 14: 55 GMT Time 12 October

Univ. of Basilicata Lidarassociated with a of tropopause folding event Stratospheric dry air intrusion (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 01 -03 October 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 730 18: 05 02: 35 01 October 10: 25 18: 15 GMT Time DT=10 min; Dz=75 m <5 km 150 m >5 km 02 October PV-streamer event 02: 15 03 October

Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 01 -03 October 2005 – Relative error (%) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 730 18: 05 02: 35 01 October 10: 25 GMT Time DT=10 min; Dz=75 m <5 km 150 m >5 km 02 October 18: 15 02: 15 03 October

Stratospheric dry air intrusion associated with a of tropopause folding event 1 October 2005 – water vapour mixing ratio (g/kg) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 730 17: 48 21: 36 01: 12 GMT Time DT=1 min Dz=30 m 04: 49 08: 26 PRELIMINARY DATA

Stratospheric dry air intrusion associated with a of tropopause folding event 1 October 2005 – Temperature PRELIMINARY DATA °K 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 TO BE CORRECTED FOR PILE_UP 7930 5530 3130 730 17: 48 DT=5 min 21: 36 Dz=300 m Same trend on the temperature and humidity map 01: 12 04: 49 08: 26 The dry layer tongue is associated with lower temperatues GMT Time

Univ. of Basilicata Lidar (Lat: 40° 38'45. 23" N, Long: 15° 48'29. 32" E, Site elevation: 730 m) 26 -28 October 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 FOG 3130 730 17: 13 00: 55 8: 38 16: 24 00: 12 GMT Time DT=3 min Dz=120 m PRELIMINARY DATA

Wave structures underlieing thick clouds and appearing to be associated with the approachig of the cloud system 12 September 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 6730 5530 THICK CLOUDS 4330 3130 1930 730 14: 52 16: 12 19: 24 GMT Time DT=1 min Dz=30 m 12 Oct, 10: 30 -12 Oct, 22: 20 GMT waves 22: 17 PRELIMINARY DATA

STRONG CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY 19 -20 October 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 STRONG CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY 730 14: 17 03: 44 21: 00 10: 28 GMT Time DT=3 min Dz=120 m PRELIMINARY DATA

Cloud formation possibly associated with the propagation of a gravity wave 27 -28 September 2005 – Water Vapour mixing ratio (g/Kg) 12730 10330 7930 5530 CLOUDS 3130 730 14: 57 19: 15 wave 23: 36 GMT Time DT=1 min Dz=30 m 27 Sept, 14: 55 -28 Set, 18: 15 GMT 03: 54 06: 40 PRELIMINARY DATA

Cloud formation possibly associated with the propagation of a gravity wave 27 -28 September 2005– Particle backscattering at 355 nm (m-1 sr-1) 12730 10330 7930 5530 CLOUDS 3130 730 14: 57 19: 15 wave 23: 36 GMT Time DT=1 min Dz=30 m 03: 54 06: 40 PRELIMINARY DATA

Stratospheric dry intrusion event probably associated with a of tropospheric folding event 1 October 2005– Particle backscattering at 355 nm (m-1 sr-1) 12730 Height a. s. l. (m) 10330 7930 5530 3130 730 17: 48 GMT Time DT=1 min Dz=30 m PRELIMINARY DATA