Basics of Tissue Injuries Chapter 4 SPRAIN Injury

Basics of Tissue Injuries Chapter 4

SPRAIN Injury to a ligament

STRAIN Injury to a muscle or tendon

Category of Severity � GRADE 1 – Muscle, tendon, or ligament is overstretched, no loss of motion � GRADE 2 – The tissue is partially torn, some loss of motion � GRADE 3 – The tissue is completely ruptured, cannot move the body part

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES INCISION ABRASION

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES CONTUSION LACERATION

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES AVULSION AMPUTATION

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES PUNCTURE CONTRECOUP

Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing � STAGE 1: Acute Inflammatory – Increased blood flow to injured area to bring blood cells and chemicals PHAGOCYTES – Engulf and eat up dead cells LEUKOCYTES – Infection fighting white blood cells PLATELETS – cells that carry blood clotting material Lasts for 2 days

Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing � STAGE 2: Repair – Fiber building cells (FIBROBLASTS) begin building fibers across the injured area forming a scar. Lasts 6 weeks to 3 months depending on the injury

Stages of Soft-Tissue Healing � STAGE 3: Remodeling The body continues to rebuild and restore strength of the tissue. Lasts for a year or more.

DISLOCATIONS �A significant force displaces bone so that the two end bones in the same joint no longer line up.

FRACTURES AVULSION STRESS

FRACTURES SPIRAL LONGITUDINAL

FRACTURES COMPRESSION OBLIQUE

FRACTURES COMMINUTED GREENSTICK

FRACTURES TRANSVERSE DEPRESSED

FRACTURES BLOWOUT EPIPHYSEAL

PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURE

BONE FRACTURE HEALING � STAGE 1: Acute – Increased blood flow to injured area OSTEOCLASTS– Cells that eat the debris OSTEOBLASTS – Cells that add new layers to outside of the bone tissue Lasts for 4 days

BONE FRACTURE HEALING � STAGE 2: Repair Osteoclasts and osteoblasts continue working. A fibrous splint (CALLUS) is formed – both internally and externally this then transform into hard bone. Lasts for 3 months; usually by 6 weeks a cast is no longer needed

BONE FRACTURE HEALING � STAGE 3: Remodeling The callous is reabsorbed and replaced with a fibrous cord of bone. Lasts for several years. Nonunion fracture – if the bone never heals