Basics DStar Basics 1 What is DSTAR Digital

Basics D-Star Basics 1

What is D-STAR: Digital Smart Technology for Amateur Radio Open protocol, published by the JARL (Japanese Amateur Radio League). Available to be implemented by anyone. Digital voice (DV) and Digital Data (DD) operation. Currently, Icom is the first and only radio manufacturer selling D-STAR radios in the USA. Kenwood does manufacture D-STAR radios but only for Japan. You must register your callsign to use the gateway. Registration is free @ https: //w 4 pl. aicmail. net/Dstar. do

How D-Star is different D-Star radios convert your voice to digital before transmission. Additional information is included in the “digital stream” that is transmitted (and displayed on the receiving radio): Your call sign (“My. Call”) is included – you never have to verbally “identify” again! Other call signs are included when using the D-Star network. You can set a short (4 character) “call sign tag”, & a short (20 character) “identification string” that is included. (Advanced) You can also include low-speed digital data or GPS positioning information. D-Star Basics 3

D-Star call sign terminology The terminology is from the viewpoint of the communication link! “My. Call” is really YOUR call sign; that is, you, the guy or gal holding the radio or microphone. “Your. Call” (also called “Ur. Call”) is really the call sign of the OTHER person, that is, the person you want to talk to (you only set this when you use the D-Star gateway system). “Rpt 1 Call” and “Rpt 2 Call” (also called “R 1 Call” & “R 2 Call”) are also used, and will be discussed shortly. D-Star Basics 4

D-Star radio setup D-Star radios have two transmitting modes: Analog (FM –Frequency Modulation) You just set the frequency and talk. Digital (DV – Digital Voice) You also set the frequency. You must also (one time) enter your call sign. Your call sign goes into the “My. Call” field. D-Star Basics 5

Using the local analog repeater Some analog repeaters look for a special tone or code, in order to know that you want to use that repeater, rather than another on the same frequency. This tone is sometimes called “PL” or “CTCSS”. You must find out what the tone or code is, to use that repeater. D-Star Basics 6

Using the local D-Star repeater On D-Star repeaters, it’s a bit easier; the “code” is just the repeater’s callsign, and … The repeater module (“A”, “B”, or “C”). Most D-Star repeater installations have more than one repeater. Each repeater is on a different amateur radio band. By convention: The “C” module is on the “ 2 m” band (144 -148 MHz). The “B” module is on the “ 70 cm” band (440 -450 MHz). The “A” module is on the “ 23 cm” band (1. 2 GHz). D-Star Basics 7

Local D-Star repeater setup To set up your radio: You must set (one time) your call sign into the “My. Call” field. You should set the “Your. Call” field to “CQCQCQ” or “/” (these are specially recognized values). You must set the repeater call sign & module into the “Rpt 1 Call” field. The module (“A”, “B”, or “C”) must be set in the 8 th character position of the “Rpt 1 Call” field. You can leave the “Rpt 2 Call” field blank for local usage. D-Star Basics 8

Other D-Star settings Do NOT set any of the “Auto RX” settings in the radio to “ON”, until you have become more familiar with D-Star operation. These “Auto RX=ON” settings will get in your way, without any warning. You have been warned! D-Star Basics 9

Talking around the world (FM) With some analog repeaters, there are systems (eg, “Echo. Link” & “IRLP” that allow you to use the Internet to connect two or more repeaters together: A local computer connected to the repeater digitizes the voice and sends it to a remote computer, which converts the audio back to analog and sends it to the remote repeater for transmission over the air. D-Star Basics 10

Talking around the world (D-Star) With most D-Star repeater installations, there is a local computer that also connects the repeater to the Internet. This repeater is called the “gateway”. However, it is the user’s radio, not the gateway, that converts the audio to a digital signal before transmission, and decodes it upon reception. The gateway does a lot more than just connect two remote repeater systems. D-Star Basics 11

The D-Star network There are four ways to communicate with other users on other D-Star repeaters, using the D-Star network: “Repeater routing” – this is part of the original D-Star design. “Call sign routing” – this is part of the original D-Star design. Using “repeater linking” – this capability was added by “DPlus”, a gateway software add-on. 4. Using “reflector linking” – this capability was added by “DPlus”, a gateway software add-on. 1. 2. 3. #s 1 & 2 are slightly complex, and if both you & the other user don’t “get it right”, you will not be able to talk. #s 3 & 4 are much simpler to setup & use, and often the repeater is already set in that mode. D-Star Basics 12

D-Star network basic setup (1) To use any of these D-Star network modes, you must specify the “Rpt 2 Call” field: The “Rpt 2 Call” field designates the gateway computer, which is considered the “G” D-Star module. In the USA, the “Rpt 2 Call” field also contains the local repeater call sign (never the remote repeater or gateway). You must set the gateway call sign & module into the “Rpt 2 Call” field. The module (“G”) must be set in the 8 th character position of the “Rpt 2 Call” field. D-Star Basics 13

D-Star network basic setup (2) “My. Call” is set to your call sign. “Your. Call” is initially set to “CQCQCQ” or “/” (the latter is recommended on newer Icom D-Star radios). “Rpt 1 Call” is set to the local repeater call sign, with the module (“A”, “B”, or “C”) in the 8 th character position of the “Rpt 1 Call” field. Even for local repeater calls, it is best to always set “Rpt 2 Call” to the local gateway call sign, with the module (“G”) in the 8 th character position of the “Rpt 2 Call” field. D-Star Basics 14

D-Star “network routing” overview Advantages of call sign routing: 1. You can call another user without knowing which repeater that user is currently on. Limitations of repeater or call sign routing : 1. 2. 3. You can’t hear what is happening on the remote repeater. You usually need to initially announce that you are remote, so that the remote user(s) know to set up their radios for repeater or call sign routing. If the remote user doesn’t setup his/her radio correctly, you will be unable to have a successful two-way conversation. D-Star Basics 15

D-Star “network linking” overview Advantages of repeater or reflector linking: 1. You can hear what is happening on the remote repeater(s). 2. The remote user does not need to configure his/her radio in order to respond. 3. A repeater can be left in this configuration for new users. Limitations of repeater or reflector linking : 1. You can’t call another user without knowing which repeater that user is currently on. D-Star Basics 16

D-Star network commands (1) These commands only work if: 1. You have set the “Rpt 2 Call” field to specify your local gateway (otherwise the gateway will never see them). 2. Your local gateway must be running: “D-Plus”, the gateway software add-on (written by Robin Cutshaw / AA 4 RC) to Icom’s gateway software; or “D-Extra” software on systems running non-Icom gateway software. These commands are set into the “Your. Call” field of the radio. You key your radio to send the command to the gateway. D-Star Basics 17

“Can you hear me now? ” (with apologies to Verizon’s advertizing slogan). Ever want a truly objective signal report? Use the “echo” command: Program a “Your. Call” value of seven (7) spaces, followed by an “E” in the 8 th (module) position. Key your radio & speak a short test message of your choice (I recommend using the words “echo test” in it). When you unkey your radio, the gateway will play back (“echo”) your transmission. Remember to change your “Your. Call” value back! D-Star Basics 18

D-Star network commands (2) Other D-Star network commands are available: Report the current repeater state (eg, linked). Place an “I” in the 8 TH character position of “Ur. Call”. Link to another repeater or reflector. In the “Ur. Call” enter the repeater callsign or reflector and “L” in the 8 th character position. Unlink from any other repeater or reflector. Place a “U” in the 8 th character position of “Ur Call”. D-Star Basics 19

D-Star radio tips & tricks Get computer software to program your radio’s memories & save your radio’s settings. Learn how to at least save a new repeater or user call sign manually into the radio until you get home … Use the “Func-F 1” & “Func-F 2” microphone button combinations to save two alternate radio configurations. Become familiar with the new “DR” mode on D-Star radios that have it (currently the Icom IC-80 AD, ID-800 H, ID-31 A, & ID-51 A). D-Star Basics 20

D-Star tip: Func-F 1 & Func-F 2 Pressing & holding just “F 1” or “F 2” stores just the current transmitter & receiver frequencies, and D-Star “Your. Call” & “Rpt 1 Call”/“Rpt 2 Call” values, for recall. Pressing “Func”, & then pressing and holding “F 1” or “F 2” stores almost the entire radio configuration (including screen color) for recall. Tip: Use two different screen colors to differentiate the two configurations. Tip: Use “F 1” & “F 2” as scratch-pads when switching configurations. D-Star Basics 21

D-Star tip: The new “DV” mode Icom’s new “D-Star Repeater” mode (in the IC-80 AD, ID-880 H, ID-31 A, & ID-51 A) separates the “Your. Call” memories from the “Rpt 1 Call”/Rpt 2 Call” memories. In “DV” mode, you can select the “Your. Call” value, and then scroll through the “Rpt 1 Call”/Rpt 2 Call” memories without changing the “Your. Call” value. Tip: Enter the “DR” mode first, before selecting a “Your. Call” value. Tip: Save & use “/” as a “Your. Call” value in place of “CQCQCQ”. When “Your. Call” contains “CQCQCQ”, the “DR” mode will blank out the “Rpt 2 Call” field, and your transmissions will not be routed to the gateway (or a linked repeater or reflector). D-Star Basics 22

D-Star network information This could be a whole session, so I will just list a few: www. Dstar. DB. com (my site: tracks D-Star usage) www. dstarinfo. com (D-Star programming calculator) www. dstarusers. org (D-Star repeater list) www. jfindu. net (and other APRS stuff) www. aprs-is. net/DPRSCalc. aspx (D-PRS calculator) D-Star Basics 23

D-STAR Simplex

D-STAR Repeater

D-STAR Reflectors

D-STAR Dongle Connect this device to your computer and you now have DStar.

D-STAR DVAP Connect this device to your computer and have your very own 10 m. W D-STAR repeater.

D-STAR DVAP The DV Access Point Dongle connects to your PC or Intel based Mac via a USB port and provides a 2 meter Access Point for use with a D-STAR radio. Using an Internet connection, a user may connect to and communicate with D-STAR gateways and reflectors around the world. The DVAPTool application used with the DV Access Point Dongle may be installed and run on Microsoft Windows XP/Vista/7, Mac OS X Leopard/Snow Leopard, or many flavors of Linux.

D-STAR DVAP

Rasberry Pi The design is based around a Broadcom BCM 2835 So. C, which includes an ARM 1176 JZF -S 700 MHz processor, Video. Core IV GPU, and 512 Megabytes of RAM. This revision 2. 0 board features two mounting holes for easy installation, a built-in reset circuit, and can be powered via the USB data ports. The design does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, instead relying on an SD card for booting and longterm storage. This board is intended to run Linux kernel based operating systems.