Basic Water plan for HyperKamiokande Water system water

Basic Water plan for Hyper-Kamiokande -Water system & water flow. Open Meeting for Hyper-K Project Aug 23 2012 Hiroyuki Sekiya ICRR, University of Tokyo for the Hyper-K Working Group Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 1

Basic idea Base design is Super-Kamiokande ◦ In order to study same/beyond physics achieved by Super-K, water quality in Hyper-K must be same as /better than that in Super-K. ◦ We know Super-K water works quite well as 50 kton target material with 60 t/h recirculation flow rate and the water purification technology is well matured. For 1 Mton target, the purification flow rate should be more then 1200 t/h. ◦ It’s quite huge and it is not trivial. The feasibility must be checked. Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 2

Purpose of this session Feasibility check of “ 1 Mt ultrapure water Cherenkov detector” ◦ Mine water survey. ◦ 1200 t/h water purification system design. ◦ Keeping 1 Mt ultrapure water in the tank. (This is the challenge!) 800 t tank 5 t/h flow → 17. 7 MWcm Hiroyuki Sekiya 50 kt tank 60 t/h flow → 14 MWcm Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 3

Purpose of this session Explore “functional water” ◦ Adding some materials into water could enhance Hyper-K physics potential. Gd Option (Mark Vagins) Liq. Scintillator Option (David Jaffe) ◦ However, these require additional technical studies. Ex) reaction with detector material, concentration uniformity, purification method, keeping quality in 1 Mt tank ◦ These technology might be applied to near detectors. Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 4

Ultrapure water Cherenkov detector Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 5

Mine water survey Hyper. K 2700 mwe 1750 mwe Hiroyuki Sekiya Super. K At Mozumi cite, we have information and experience. We surveyed Tochibora cite water Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 6

Tochibora Mt. Hiroyuki Sekiya Nijugo(二十五山) Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Quality of Mine water Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Mine water quality Mozumi Tochibora Almost same as Mozumi mine water : pretreatment is not necessary like SK system. Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

reject compensation pump FI-2 strainer Primary pump PI-A PI-9 PI-B PI-11 PI-2 reject (drain) PI-3 Rn-free-air RO-3 pump dissolving tank 550 CV-2 RO-3 RO-2 RT-3 FI-5 CIA-2 CIA-1 reject (drain) post RO pump HE 1 UV sterilizer reject FI-202 reject vacuum degasifier A FI-10 RO-1 -2 reject v 94 B PI-20 CIA-4 HE 4 CV-1 PI-18 ultra filter TI-101 TIA-2 membrane degasifier UF reject tank PI-C FI-ID Super-K water system SK tank Hiroyuki Sekiya UF reject pump CIA FI-101 purified water supply pump A/B RO water tank RT-2 RT-4 CIA-3 Ion exchanger 1/2 HE 3 700 FP-4 FP-5 FI-3 PI-5 RT-1 drain CIA-6 RO-1 -1 RO-1 pump filter mine water FI-6 FI-204 FI-7 RO-2 pump filter FI-1 strainer PI-1 PI-8 ID bottom return pump Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Matured technology Filtrations & Deionization(General technology) MF UF NF RO DI UV sterilization (General technology) Radon Degasifying(Super-K technology) ◦ Radon free air generator ◦ Radon removal with membrane degasifier Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 12

Hyper-K water system Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 13

Rn Free Air generator (400 Nm 3/h) Compressor 0. 3 mm filter Dryer Buffer 20 o. C Charcoal H 2 O, CO 2 remover 0. 1 mm filter 0. 01 mm filter -40 o. C Charcoal 0. 01 mm filter Buffer Water Purification System Mine water 10 mm filter Buffer RO CO 2 remover DI(MB) 0. 3 kt/h for initial supply purge Buffer purge UV DI(CP) MD 1. 2 kt/h for recirculation Hiroyuki Sekiya purge UF 1 mm filter T controller HK Tank Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Mine water consumption 24 h x 407 t/h /day 1 st stage is common for both tank Pure water 300 t/h 2 nd stage for each tank. Does not work at the same time It takes 70 days for filling one tank. 140 days for 1 M ton Filling mode Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Mine water Consumption 2 h x 28 t/h /day RO reject 56 t/h 1 st stage is used for UF reject water and compensation water 600 t/h No RO in the recirculation system RO requires high pressure pumps high running cost large space 600 t/h It takes 35 day to process 1 Mton water Recirculation mode Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

1 st stage layout 58 m 13 m ● 58 m. L× 13 m. W 断面： 13 m. W× 13 m. H 58 m ＜ 1次純水装置・ラドンレス空気製造装置エリア＞ 13 m Hiroyuki Sekiya 13 m Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

2 nd stage layout 32 m 12 m このエリアが２つ必要となります。 32 m ＜サブシステムエリア＞ ● 32 m. L× 11 m. W 断面： 11 m. W× 12 m. H 11 m Hiroyuki Sekiya 11 m Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Estimated Cost Including ◦ 400 Nm 3/h Rn Free Air generator ◦ Man power and cost for initial filling 30 Oku-Yen Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Keeping water quality in huge tanks with limited flow Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 20

Super-K water transparency @ Cherenkov light wavelength Measured by decay e-e+ from cosmic m-m+ SK-III SK-IV Started automatic temperature control anti-correlated with Supply water temperature Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 21

Convection suppression in SK Very precisely temperature-controlled (± 0. 01 o. C) water is supplied to the bottom. Return to Water system 3. 5 Me. V-4. 5 Me. V Event distribution Temperature gradation in Z The difference is only 0. 2 o. C Purified Water supply r 2 Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 22

Current SK situation Stagnation and top-bottom asymmetry. Bacteria in low flow rate region OD top ID, OD top OD bottom ID bottom 12 t/h 36 t/h 60 t/h Ver. 14 May 2012 Hiroyuki Sekiya Emanated (from PMT/ FRP) and accumulated Radon 12 t/h Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Well-balanced operation in SK 1 st priority for low. E ◦ low BG (BG) ≡ stagnation 1 st priority for atmpd/T 2 K ◦ small systematic errors ≡ uniformity ≡ convection A 6%-level top-bottom asymmetry of water transparency exists, however the systematic error on the SK energy scale due to this is below 0. 1%-level after correction*. * see calibration session The operation strategy is determined by physics motivations Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

For bacteria free and uniform (High-E oriented) Hyper-K O 3 or UV sterilizer in the tank is not good for PE surface. PE may get damaged and emit particles. So far, continues high speed flow is the only solution to suppress bacteria in the tank. To make the most of the “ 1200 t/h flow rate”, water flow design in the HK tank is underway. Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Water Flow design by finite volume method One compartment for the first step Software: ANSYS GAMBIT 2. 4. 1+Fluent 13. 0 Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Water inlets & outlets condition Base concept: Supply to bottom and drain from top Equally distributed per top/bottom cross section SK type ◦ Will be optimized through this analysis for “EGG shape tanks” Top outlets Hiroyuki Sekiya ID OD Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

ID & OD Conditions ID & OD are dealt as completely separated containers. Because of its symmetrical shape, only 1/4 volume is considered for the simulation. 1, 400, 000 mesh (xy, and yz symmetry) Volume Flow rate Number of inlets (outlets) Flow rate / inlet (outlet) Hiroyuki Sekiya Inner detector Outer detector 370, 000 m 3 89, 000 m 3 96. 7 t/h 23. 3 t/h 18 4 5. 37 5. 82 Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 28

Rock and mine water temperatures @Tochibora on May 8 2012 Cooling water 10. 47 o. C -300 M (Top level) rock 16. 7 o. C Almost same as those in Mozumi/SK →assuming supplying 13. 0 o. C water Here Boring hole Measured 1 m inside Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Temperatures @Tochibora on May 8 2012 -370 M(bottom level) rock Boring No 4 Boring No 2 Boring No 3 No 2 18. 38 o. C No 3 17. 59 o. C No 4 17. 07 o. C Depends on position and the variation is large. Average (17. 7 o. C) is close to the nearest No 3 value. assuming 17. 7 o. C Boring No 3 Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Other heat source estimation Unlike SK, electronics(HV, QBee, . . ) are also in the tank. The heat from compensation coil depends on the direction of the tank. For one compartment Area 47. 4 k. W Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa

Preliminary results ID: fast flow (much faster than 1 day) ~convection OD : stagnation @upper half like Super-K ID flow Hiroyuki Sekiya OD flow Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 32

Water replacement efficiency 10 days after starting recirculation The ratio of new water Color scale[0: 1] Initial old water: blue 0. 3 Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 33

Water replacement efficiency 20 days after starting recirculation The ratio of new water Color scale[0: 1] Initial old water: blue 0. 5 Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 34

Water replacement efficiency 30 days after starting recirculation The ratio of new water Color scale[0: 1] Initial old water: blue 0. 7 In ID, uniformly replaced, but the efficiency is not good due to the stir. Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 35

Conclusion Tochibora mine water quality was surveyed. Based on this result and Super-K system, Hyper-K water supply and purification system was designed. Water flow design in the tanks depends on our physics motivation. ◦ So far, a water flow tuned for high-E physics is being designed. ◦ Low. E-tuned water flow will be designed in the case of Mozumi Hyper-K. ◦ Can we develop a flow-control system? Hiroyuki Sekiya Open Hyper-K meeting Aug 23 2012@IPMU Kashiwa 36