BASIC SCULPTURE Created by Mrs Peachee Accompany WS

BASIC SCULPTURE Created by Mrs. Peachee Accompany WS: by Mrs. Moore

SCULPTURES ARE • Typically intended to be seen from all angles (IN THE ROUND) • Created using carving, casting, modeling, or assembling of materials into 3 -Dimensional form.

RELIEF SCULPTURES Bas (low relief) • Subtractive Method • Carving • Etching • High Relief vs. Low Relief • Must have a clear idea of positive and negative space. High Relief sculpture on the Grand Staircase landing from a 176 AD triumphal arch Alto-Relievo (high relief)

FREE STANDING • “In the round” sculptures • (right) Venus of Willendorph • Seen from all sides and mobile

METHODS OF SCULPTING • Subtractive- Relief • Carving Additive- Building up

METHODS CONTINUED • Modeling • Typically additive • Often around armatures • Clay or Resin or Wax are typical • Made with the intent to cast (reproduce) • “MAQUETTE” • Casting • Creates duplicates of the original pieces • If wax is used it is often a “lost wax” process where wax is melted out.

KINETIC SCULPTURE • Sculpture that relies on the movement to fulfill its intended design.

LIGHT SCULPTURE • Historical References: • Cathedral Stained Glass • (Chartes Cathedral)

LÁSZLÓ MOHOLY-NAGY • Hungarian Artist practiced in Berlin until 1920. • Originated Light Sculpture • Opened a design school in Chicago Ill which later became the Design Institute and is now part of the Illinois Institute of Chicago. • (seen here photogram)

EARTHWORKS • Artwork utilizing nature itself. • (right) Effigy Tumuli by Michael Heizer -5 indigenous creatures to the region: a catfish, a water strider (insect), a frog, a turtle, and a snake. located in Buffalo Rock State Park, near Ottawa, Illinois

MATERIALS • ANYTHING!!!! • Anything can be used to make sculpture. • Assemblage: The combination of items to make a finished piece. • Typical Materials used: • Wood • Clay • Metal • Plaster Kirkland Smith assemblage piece: “Inheritance”

MODELING WITH CLAY • Clay: comes in various colors high plasticity (holds shape when molded) • Can be found in your own backyard. • Indiana has a high amount of clay • Prior to firing is referred to as green-ware • After firing it is referred to as Bisque-ware

MODELING WITH CLAY Wedging: removing of air pockets Manipulating Clay: Pinch- Squeezing/pressing of clay (pinch pot) Coils- rolled snake-like clay Slabs- rolled sheet flat Slip- watered down clay used as a joint compound • Assures consistency of clay. When leather hard: Clay is soft enough to carve, yet hard enough to maintain shape.

FINISHING WITH CLAY • Kiln: furnace designed to cure clay. • Can be gas, electric, wood, • Open pit firing and Raku Firing are also options to bake clay Earthenware: lower temp required to cure Stoneware: higher temp required to cure **Baking removes the water and reduces the bonds lengths Often clay shrinks when baked

GLAZES • A potter needs to consider three important properties of a glaze. • texture (rough or smooth), • opacity (clear or opaque) • Color • Glaze is a combination of minerals such as glass that have a melting point lower than the clay being used. • Seal and make clay water tight • Aesthetically pleasing.