Basic Parts of the Plant Roots Stems Leaves
Basic Parts of the Plant • Roots • Stems • Leaves • Flower
Roots • 1. Anchor Plant • 2. Absorb water and minerals • 3. Translocate water and minerals to stem • 4. Store Food
Stems • 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves • 2. Support the leaves and display them to light • 3. Store Food
Leaves • 1. Make food through photosynthesis • 2. Provide site of gas exchange • 3. Store food
Flowers • 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual production • 2. Produce seeds and fruit
Different type of Roots • A. Tap Root – Continuation of the primary root – Ideal for anchorage – Penetration is greater for water – Storage area for food made by photosynthesis
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Different type of Roots • B. Fibrous Roots – Many finely branched secondary roots – Shallow roots cover a large area • More effective absorption of water and minerals • Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion
Different type of Roots • C. Aerial roots – Clinging air roots • Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems • Roots that fasten the plant to a support – Absorptive air roots
Different type of Roots • Adventitious Roots – Develop in places other than nodes – Can form on cuttings and rhizomes
Roots • Root hairs: – Tiny one celled hair like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of the roots where vascular tissues have formed. – Increase surface area – Absorb water and minerals from soil
Specialized Stems • A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus) – underground – Solid, fleshy, scale covered
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Specialized Stems • B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions) – Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other – Underground stem
Specialized Stems • C. Tuber (potato, caladium) – Food storage area – Short, thick underground stem
Specialized Stems • D. Crown (African Violets, fern) – Closely grouped stems or plantlets – Just above ground or just below
Specialized Stems • E. Spurs (pear and apple trees) – Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for increased production of fruits
Specialized Stems • F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley) – Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground
Specialized Stems • G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant) – Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface
Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Epidermis – Cuticle • Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems • Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants
Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Epidermis (cont) – Stomata • Openings in the epidermis mainly located on underside of leaves • Exchange of gases
Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Epidermis (cont) – Guard Cells • Two cells located on each side of stomata • Open and closes stomata
Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Mesophyll layer – Palisade mesophyll • Primary site of photosynthesis – Spongy mesophyll • Contains air and chloroplasts • Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange
Principal Tissues of the Leaf • Veins or vascular bundles – In spongy mesophyll – Phloem tissues conduct food from photosynthesis to rest of plant – Xylem tissues conduct water and minerals up to cells in leaves and stems
Parts of the Flower • Sepals – Outer covering of the flower bud – Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is in bud stage
Parts of the Flower • Petals – Brightly colored – Protects stamen and pistills – Attracts pollinating insects
Parts of the Flower • Stamens – Male Reproductive part – Anther-produces pollen – Filament-supports the anther
Parts of the Flower • Pistil – Female reproductive part – Ovary • Enlarged portion at base of pistill • Produces ovules which develop into seeds – Stigma • Holds the pollen grains
Parts of the Flower • Style – Connects the stigma with ovary – Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated
Complete and Incomplete Flowers • Complete: have all four main parts – Sepals – Petals – Stamens – Pistils
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