Basic Nursing Foundations of Skills Concepts Chapter 19

Basic Nursing: Foundations of Skills & Concepts Chapter 19 REST AND SLEEP

Rest and Sleep n The quality of rest and sleep have a significant impact on a client’s health, including: n Physical well-being. n Mental Status. n Effectiveness of coping mechanisms.

Rest n A state of relaxation and calmness, both mental and physical.

Sleep n A state of altered consciousness during which an individual experiences: n Fluctuations in level of consciousness. n Minimal physical activity. n General slowing of body’s physiologic processes.

Sleep Cycle n The sequence of sleep that begins with the four stages of NREM sleep followed by passage into the first REM stage.

Biological Clock n An internal mechanism capable of measuring time in a living organism.

Factors Affecting Rest and Sleep n Degree of Comfort. n Diet. n Anxiety. n Drugs and other substances. n Environment. n Age/Aging. n Physical Factors. n Lifestyle.

Factors Affecting Sleep n n n Physical or emotional pain. Loss of familiar surroundings. Loss of routine. Fear of the unknown. Loss of privacy. n n n Timing of assessment, procedures and treatments. Intrusive lighting or equipment. Noise level.

Common Sleep Alterations n Insomnia. n Sleep Deprivation. n Hypersomia. n Parasomnia. n Narcolepsy. n Restless Leg Syndrome. n Sleep Apnea/Snoring. n Periodic Limb Movement Disorder.

Insomnia n The inability to sleep or the inadequate quality of sleep resulting from sleep being prematurely ended or interrupted by periods of wakefulness. n Treatment is best directed at modifying those factors or behaviors that are causing it.

Hypersomnia n An alteration in sleep pattern characterized by excessive sleep, especially in the daytime. n Treatment depends on addressing the underlying cause.

Narcolepsy n Sudden uncontrollable urges to fall asleep during daytime. n No cure, but symptoms can be controlled by taking short daytime naps, taking prescribed stimulant medications, or avoiding substances or activities that cause sleepiness.

Sleep Apnea/Snoring n Sleep apnea is characterized by breathing pauses of 30 to 60 seconds during sleep, interspersed by loud snoring (noisy breathing during sleep). n Treatment includes use of nasal and dental devices, and sometimes surgical intervention.

Sleep Deprivation n Prolonged, inadequate quality and quantity of sleep. n Treating or minimizing the causative factors is the most effective intervention.

Parasomnia n Profoundly disturbed sleep due to behavioral or physiological events. Conditions include: n Somnambulism (Sleepwalking). n Sleeptalking. n Night terrors. n REM Movement Disorder.

Restless Leg Syndrome n Uncomfortable sensations of tingling or crawling in the muscles and by twitching, burning, prickling, or deep aching in the foot, calf, or upper leg when at rest. n Symptoms may be relieved by drug therapy.

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder n A condition wherein the legs jerk every 20 to 40 seconds through the night. n May be treated with drug therapy.

Nursing Interventions to Promote Rest and Sleep Trusting Nurse-Client Relationship. n Relaxing Environment. n Relaxation Techniques. n Appropriate Nutrition. n Pharmacological Interventions. n Client Education. n