BASIC NURSING BY EVELYN SUNNU MRS INTRODUCTION Nursing

BASIC NURSING BY EVELYN SUNNU (MRS)

INTRODUCTION • Nursing today is far different from what was practiced years ago and it is expected to continue changing during the 21 st century. • To comprehend present day nursing and to prepare for the future, • one must understand not only past events but also the sociological and historical factors that affect it

Women’s Roles • Traditional female roles of wife, mother, daughter, and sister have always included the care and nurturing of other family members. • From the beginning of time, women have cared for infants and children thus, nursing could be said to have its roots in the HOME. • Traditional nursing role has always entailed humanistic caring, nurturing, comforting and supporting.

Women’s Roles • Throughout history, wars have accentuated the need for nurses. • During the Crimean War in 1854 -1856, the inadequacy of care given to soldiers led to a public outcry in Great Britain. • The role Florence Nightingale played in addressing this problem is well known

DEFITION OF NURSING • FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE defined Nursing nearly 150 years ago as the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (1860/ 1969). • She considered a clean, well-ventilated and quite environment essential for recovery. • In the latter half of 20 th century, a number of nurse theorist have developed their own theoretical definitions of nursing such as;

DEFINITION CONT. • Nursing is caring • Nursing is an act • Nursing is a science • Nursing is client centered • Nursing is holistic

WHO IS A NURSE?

NURSES

HOSPITAL BED

HOSPITAL BED • BED is equipment used by patients/ clients; therefore it has to be design for comfort and safety. • It should be adaptable to various positions as required. • Hospital patients spend varying amount of the day in bed, so, its comfort is of considerable importance.

HOSPITAL BED • To ensure this, the bed should be fresh, • • free from crumbs and creases. • The pillows should arranged to give support where necessary.

THE BEDSTEADS • Hospital bedsteads are usually made of metals with wire springs inside. • Its smooth outline facilitates cleaning and prevents it from collection of dust and pathogens. • The most common size/standard length is approximately six (6) feet, six inches (1. 9 m) by three feet 0. 9 m (width) and it is placed five feet apart.

BED STEAD • A hospital bed should be 65 cm to 70 cm (26 to 28 inches) from the floor, this prevents undue musculoskeletal strain on the nurse and the client. • It has four wheels under it for easy movement.

HOSPITAL BEDSTEAD

MATRESSES • The typical hospital bed consists of a firm mattress on a metal frame that can be raised and lowered horizontally. • They are made up of latex foam, air, water etc. • They are covered with a protective waterproof material that resists soiling and can be cleaned easily.

BOLSTERS • They are stuffed with hair and feather. • It is a long thick round pillow that is placed across the top of a bed under the other pillows.

BLANKETS • These are made up of synthetics or wool. • Functions • they are used to provide necessary warmth for the patient without too much weight on him or her

COUNTERPANES • They are made up of bright, durable and colorful material. • They are light in color and in weight • They are used to decorate the bed

COTTON DRAW SHEET • These are made up of fairly heavy cotton material. • The standard size is two yards and one and half yards long. • They are placed under the patient buttocks across the bed to protect the bed linen from getting soiled. • It is also drawn to give patient a clean cool fresh piece of sheet to lie on.

CONTERPANE

WATERPROOF DRAW SHEETS/ MACKINTOSH • These consist of rubber, plastic sheet about thirty Inches Square with a piece of material stitched to each end. • It is tucked in and held firmly under the cotton draw sheet to protect the bed from getting soiled.

BED LINEN / BED SHEET • These are made up of cotton • polyesters or linen. • They are used to cover the bed. • also to cover the patient to provide warmth

LONG WATERPROOF SHEET • They are made of canvas or rubber. • It is thick and long enough to stretch over the whole mattress with excess to tuck in at the top and bottom of the bed. • to prevent the bed linen from getting soiled.

RULES FOR MAKING HOSPITAL BED • Collect all requirements before starting. • Two nurses are required and they should work in harmony, avoiding jerky movements and jarring the bed. • Never cover the patients FACE with sheet or blanket. • Never expose the patient

RULES FOR MAKING BED • Call for extra assistance to lift the patient. • Turn away from the patient, when shaking bed linen and pillows. • Conversation during bed making should include the patient, not on personal matters between nurses

TYPES OF BED MAKING • Simple bed • Unoccupied bed • Simple occupied bed • Admission bed • Operation bed

TYPES OF BED MAKING • Cardiac bed • Fracture bed • Nephrotic bed • Divided bed

TYPES OF BED MAKING • Changing bottom sheet from top to bottom • Changing bottom sheet from side to side • Amputation bed above knee • Amputation below knee. • Bed for drying POP

REQUIREMENTS FOR MAKING SIMPLE UNOCCUPIED BED • • • Two bed linen One counterpane One draw sheet One long waterproof sheet Two chairs One Waterproof Sheets

PROCEDURE/ TASKS • Explain the procedure to the patient and provide privacy. • Arrange two chairs back to back at the foot end of the bed and carefully place the well folded bed linen on it. • Turn the mattress to prevent it from sagging

PROCEDURE/TASK • Place the long waterproof sheet on the bed and tuck it in all rounds on the mattress. • Place the bottom linen on the bed and miter/ envelop the four corners to secure the sheet on bed. • Place the draw mackintosh on the bed, well covered by the draw sheet

PROCEDURE/TASK CONT. • Place the top sheet on the bed and miter the corners. • Place the counterpane on the bed to beautify it. • Miter the corners as well. • Thank the patient and remove the chairs. • Document the procedure for continuity of care.

SIMPLE OCCUPIED BED

MAKING AN ADMISSION BED • Collects, arranges items on trolley and sends to bedside • Arranges items in order of use on a chair or heart table • Places bottom sheet evenly on the bed • Tucks the sheet evenly under the mattress at the top and bottom using enveloped corners

ADMISSION BED MAKING • Places draw mackintosh across bed and covers with draw sheet • Places long mackintosh on the bed • Uses one bath blanket or sheet over and tucks in all around or folds under itself • Places second bath blanket over the bed

ADMISSION BED MAKING • Puts in hot water bottles if necessary • Puts on top bed clothes • Places counterpane loosely over the top bed clothes • Tuck in the bed clothes on the other side • Folds the bed clothes on the other side nearest to the door, leaving it open to facilitate quick admittance