Basic indicators living conditions of livingof conditions of

Basic indicators living conditions of livingof conditions of young Polish people Dorota Olszewska Anna Żarkowska Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Introduction First part presentation of indicators divided into 3 thematic groups: demography, labour market and education referring to young Polish people in 2003 -2007 Second part comparison of chosen indicators from Poland selected European countries in 2006 Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Basic information • Total area of Poland 312 679 km 2 • Total population (as of 31 XII 2007) 38 115 641 • People at age 15 -29 (as of 31 XII 2007) 9 075 493 = 23, 8% of total population Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Demography (1) Significant decrease of number of live births among women at age 20 -24 and increase among women at age 25 -29, 30 -34 and 35 -39. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Demography (2) Significant increase of number of bridegrooms and brides at age 25 -29. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Demography (3) Significant increase of divorced spouses at age 25 -29 from 2003 -2006. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Demography (4) Increase of number of emigrants at age 20 -29. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Labour market Economically active population at age 15 -29 Significant change of economically active employed and unemployed population. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Higher education Significant increase of tertiary students at age 19 -24 as well as postgraduate students and decrease of Ph. D students. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Summary of the first part There is a change in living way of young people in Poland. Situation in last few years makes it possible to focus more on carrier/work. That is shown by following facts: – Young people decide to get married later than it was in previous years. – Young women decide to have a baby later than it was in previous years. – Young people willingly emigrate in order to find a job. – Unemployment rate is lower and number of employed people is higher in comparison with previous years. – Postgraduate studies are very popular among young people. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Cluster Analysis • Cluster analysis is an exploratory data analysis tool which aims at sorting different objects into groups in a way that the degree of association between two objects is maximal if they belong to the same group and minimal otherwise. • Joining (Tree Clustering) with Euclidean distance and complete linkage (furthest neighbor) was used. • Level of dividing data for the groups was the same for all groups of parameters. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Cluster Analysis - parameters • Demography: – – – People by age classes, Share of total population (%) 15 -24 Live births outside marriage - Share of all live births (%) Marriages and divorces (per 1 000 persons) Total fertility rate - number of children per woman Mean age of women at childbearing • Education – Median age (Tertiary education) – Students Tertiary education (per 1 000 persons) • Labour market – People living in jobless households, by age group - % 18 -59 – Unemployment rate, by age group - % <25 – At-risk-of-poverty rate after social transfers, by age group % 16 -24 Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Cluster Analysis - countries Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Cluster Analysis - results Demography Group of countries with Poland was characterized by: • Share of total population (%) people aged 15 -24 was high (the highest was in Poland). • Number of live births outside marriage and divorces was one of the lowest in this group. • Number of marriages were one of the highest in this group. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Cluster Analysis - results Labour Market • The most similar countries to Poland were Slovakia and Romania. • Countries in „green” group are characterized by one of the highest percentage of people living in jobless households. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Cluster Analysis - results Education Group with Poland was characterized by one of the highest indicators of tertiary education students. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Cluster Analysis-results Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

Summary • The way of living of young people in Poland is traditional. It is shown by one of the highest number of marriages and rather low indicators of divorces and live births outside marriage. • Living conditions of young Polish people change gradually (it was shown in first part) but still our labour market is far from ideal one. Statistical Office in Krakow ul. Kazimierza Wyki 3, 31 -223 Kraków, Poland

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