Basic Government Review Read through these review notes

Basic Government Review Read through these review notes and copy the definitions on your paper Study these as we will use them in a quick review this week!

Let’s Review • Unitary--power is held by one central authority • Confederation--association of independent states that agree to certain limitations on their freedoms by joining together • Federal--power is divided between central authority & several regional authorities

Unitary Government Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority

Confederation government Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority

Legislature: • the central authority of a government • Law making body

Let’s Review • Autocracy-- 1 person possesses unlimited power & citizens have limited role in government • Oligarchy-- small group exercises control & citizens have limited role in government • Democracy--supreme power is vested in the people & exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation involving free elections

Let’s Review • Parliamentary– citizens elect members of Parliament, and then the members select the leader o Leader works with or through the legislature • Presidential--system of government in which the leader is constitutionally independent of the legislature; citizens directly elect leader o Leader works separate from legislature

Vocabulary continued… • Head of State (chief of state) HOS – virtually no power, serves more as a figure head • Head of Government (chief of government) HOG – virtually has the most political power and makes the government decisions.

Governments in The Middle East How are leaders chosen? Legislative Branch Role of Citizen/Citizen Participation Parliamentary 1. Prime Minister (most power) Democracy Prime Minister is usually head of the dominant political party. There are 2 major political parties. The Knesset is the Parliament. It holds most of the power in the Israeli government. Consultative Council; In 2004, the Saudi govt 120 members began allowing men who are 21+ to vote for King chooses 2/3 rds some of their local of the members officials; women cannot vote Country Distribu tion of Power Type of Government Israel Unitary Executive Branch 2. President Saudi Arabia Unitary Oligarchy King Hereditary; passed down to males in al-Saud family Iran Unitary Theocratic Republic 1. Supreme Leader (unlimited power, always an ayatollah) 2. President The Assembly of Experts Consultative chooses the Supreme Assembly Leader and he holds the position for life. Present is elected by the people. Israelis that are 18 and older vote for the Knesset’s 120 members (who then chose Prime Minister). Iranian people elect the Assembly of Experts, parliament, and the president by popular vote. Citizens 18+ can vote for the 290 members of the Assembly.

Governments in Africa Country Distribu tion of Power Type of Government Executive Branch How are leaders chosen? Legislative Branch Role of Citizen/Citizen Participation Kenya Unitary Presidential Democracy 1. President Any Kenyan citizen 18 and older can vote Kenyan National Assembly Freedoms are written into the constitution, but government is dominated by the president South Africa Unitary Parliamentary 1. President Democracy 1. Citizens 18 and older vote for members of the National Assembly (parliament) 2. The National assembly selects the president National Assembly Freedoms are numerous for South African citizens since the end of apartheid

Governments in Southeast Asia Country Distribu tion of Power Type of Government Executive Branch India Federal Parliamentary 1. Prime Minister Head of Democracy government (most power) 2. President – head of state (no political power) Japan Unitary People’s Unitary Republic of China How are leaders chosen? Legislative Branch Role of Citizen/Citizen Participation 1. Leader of the majority party in Parliament 2. Elected by parliament Parliament is the legislative branch – citizens vote for members of parliament Citizens over 18 can vote – numerous freedoms Japanese Parliament is called the Diet Citizens over 20 vote – several political freedoms National People’s Congress –members are chosen by government Over 18 can vote, but only vote for people approved by CCP. Parliamentary 1. Emperor – head 1. Hereditary; passed of state (no down Democracy Oligarchy – communist state political power) 2. Prime Minister –Head of govt (most power) 2. Leader of the majority party in Parliament 1. President – head of state (NO POWER) 2. Premier –head of govt (most power) Only 1 political party – the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Elections take place, but candidates must be approved by CCP