Basic Geography What is geography Geography the study

Basic Geography

What is geography? ► Geography: the study of Earth’s surface and the processes that shape it, the connections between places, and the relationships between people and their environment ► We will be looking at the basics

Compass Rose

Legend (key)

Map Scale

Map

The Continents ► Seven Continents: § North America § South America § Europe § Asia § Oceania (Australia) § Africa § Antarctica

The Seven Continents

The Oceans ► 4 Oceans (sometimes 5) § Atlantic Ocean § Pacific Ocean § Indian Ocean § Arctic Ocean § (The Southern Ocean)

The Oceans

The Hemispheres ► Northern ► Southern ► Eastern ► Western ► Equator: line of latitude that separates the Northern and Southern hemispheres ► Prime Meridian: line of longitude that separates the Eastern and Western hemispheres

The Hemispheres

Lines of Latitude ► Latitude is a way to measure the distance north or south of the Earth’s Equator. ► The lines of latitude are parallel to the Equator. The Equator is at 0 degrees latitude (0°). The North Pole is at 90 degrees north (90°N). The South Pole is at 90 degrees south (90°S). Lines of latitude can be called "parallels. " as in "the 45 th Parallel. "

Lines of Latitude

Lines of Longitude ► Longitude is a way to measure the east-west distance on Earth. ► It is measured from zero longitude, also called the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian passes through the North Pole, the South Pole, and Greenwich, England. The other longitude lines are measured as being either east (E) or west (W) of the Prime Meridian. Lines of longitude can be called "meridians. "

Lines of Longitude

North American Countries ►A country is within a continent ► North American Countries: 23 total § U. S. § Canada § Mexico § Bahamas § Panama § Cuba § Jamaica

South American Countries ► South America: 12 countries § Brazil § Argentina § Chile § Peru § Suriname § Colombia

European Countries ► 48 countries § United Kingdom § England, Wales, Scotland N. Ireland § Spain § Germany § Italy § Norway § Croatia

Asian Countries ► 29 countries § Russia § China § Japan § Philippines § Thailand § Iraq § Iran

African Countries ► 55 countries § South Africa § Egypt § Sudan § Algeria § Liberia § Somalia § Zambia § Kenya

Oceanic countries ► 16 countries § Australia § New Zealand § Vanuatu § Palau § Fiji § Samoa § Independent state of Papua New Guinea