Basic Environmental Technology Water Supply Waste Management and
Basic Environmental Technology Water Supply, Waste Management, and Pollution Control SIXTH EDITION CHAPTER 7 Water Distribution Systems Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
TABLE 7 -1 Typical Community Water Requirements in the United States. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -1 The typical variation in water demand or consumption throughout the day. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -2 A gridiron (looped) pattern for water mains is preferable to a dead-end (branched) system; gridiron networks provide greater flexibility in operation and service. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -3 Two common methods for joining sections of iron pipe. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -4 Asbestos cement pipes are joined with a sleeve and two rubber-ring gaskets. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -5 Section of an RCP joint. (From Water Distribution Operator Training Handbook. Reprinted by permission. Copyright © the American Water Works Association. ) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -6 A mechanical coupling device used to join sections of steel pipe. (From Water Distribution Operator Training Handbook. Reprinted by permission. Copyright © the American Water Works Association. ) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -7 Typical service connection. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -8 a A typical gate valve. (Courtesy of M&H Valve Company) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -8 b A typical butterfly valve. (Val-Matic Valve & Manufacturing Corp. ) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -9 A swing-check valve will open to allow flow in only one direction. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -10 a Thrust blocks are used to anchor the pipeline and to prevent movement or possible joint opening at bends. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -10 b Tie rods are another thrust restraint alternative. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -11 View of a deteriorated water main with accumulated interior deposits that reduce the pipe capacity. (Courtesy of Engineered Lining Systems, Jacksonville, Florida. ) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -12 Typical centrifugal pump head–discharge curve. The discharge decreases as the TDH or pressure head on the pump increases. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -13 In diagram (a), the water in tank A is above the pump, causing a condition of suction head. In diagram (b), the water in tank A is below the pump, causing static suction lift. The total static head is always the vertical distance between the lower and the upper water surfaces, regardless of the suction line conditions. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -14 A system head curve shows the hydraulic response of a water transmission system to various flow rates. There is greater resistance to flow and therefore a higher THD in the system for higher flow rates. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -15 The intersection of the head curve for a centrifugal pump and the system curve for the system in which it works represents the operating point for the pump in that system. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -16 Illustration for Example 7 -4. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
TABLE 7 -2 Illustration for Example 7 -4. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -17 Schematic representation of pumps connected in parallel. The total flow in the system is the sum of each individual pump discharge at the same TDH, or QT = QA + QB. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -18 Illustration for Example 7 -5. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
TABLE 7 -3 Pump Operating Data for Example 7 -6 Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Figure 7 -4 Computation of TDH for Example 7 -6 Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -19 Illustration for Example 7 -6. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -20 An elevated water storage tank will float on the line in a water distribution system. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -21 A ground-level distribution storage reservoir. (Courtesy of DN Tanks. ) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -22 A water storage tank is called a standpipe when its height is greater than its diameter ( H > D). Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -23 Location of distribution storage tanks opposite the source (a) is preferable to location at the source (b). (From Water Distribution Operator Training Handbook. Reprinted by permission. Copyright © the American Water Works Association. ) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -24 Illustration for Example 7 -10. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -25 Illustration for Example 7 -11. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -26 Illustration for Examples 7 -12 and 7 -13. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -27 Illustration of links and nodes in a simple distribution network. (Courtesy of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. ) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -28 Schematic illustration of mapping layers used in GIS technology. (Courtesy of ESRI. ) Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -29 Illustration for Problem 13. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -30 Illustration for Problem 14 and 16. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 7 -31 Illustration for Problem 15. Basic Environmental Technology, Sixth Edition Jerry A. Nathanson | Richard A. Schneider Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
- Slides: 38