Basic Engineering Concepts Scope of the presentation Scope

Basic Engineering Concepts

Scope of the presentation Scope of this presentation is to learn below engineering concepts : Scalar Vector

SCALAR Scalar is the measurement of a medium strictly in magnitude. Number value with units Scalar Example Magnitude Speed 35 m/s Distance 25 meters Age 16 years

VECTOR A Vector is a measurement that refers to both the magnitude of the medium as well as the direction of the movement the medium has taken. Vector Example Magnitude and Direction Velocity 35 m/s, North Acceleration 10 m/s 2, South Force 20 N, East

Scalar Quantities There absolutely no directional components in a scalar quantity - only the magnitude of the medium. 1. Time - Scalar quantities often refer to time; the measurement of years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, and even milliseconds. 2. Volume - Scalar quantity can refer to the volume of the medium, as in how much of the medium is present. Everything from tons to grams, millilitres and micrograms are all scalar quantities, as long as they are applied to the medium being measured and not the movement of the medium.

Scalar Quantities continued…. 3. Speed and temperature - Two more commonly used scalar quantities in physical calculations are speed and temperature. As long as they are not associated with a directional movement, they remain scalar quantities. For instance, the measurement of speed in miles or kilometers-per-hour or the measurement of the temperature of the medium both remain scalar quantities as long as they aren’t associated with the direction of the medium’s travel.

Vector Quantities Vector quantities, refer to both the direction of the medium’s movement as well as the measurement of the scalar quantity. 1. Increase/Decrease in Temperature - The measurement of the medium’s temperature is a scalar quantity; the measurement of the increase or decrease in the medium’s temperature is a vector quantity. 2. Velocity - The measurement of the rate at which an object changes position is a vector quantity

Examples Example 1 : If a person quickly moves one step forward and then one step backward there would certainly be a lot of activity; but, there would be "zero velocity. " Example 2 : In order to measure the vector quantity of the medium, there must be: A directional measurement applied to the scalar quantity. For example: Regardless of how fast an object is going, the direction of the movement must be described in the velocity vector such as "rightwards" or "forward. "

VECTOR APPLICATION ADDITION: When two (2) vectors point in the SAME direction, simply add them together. EXAMPLE: A man walks 46. 5 m east, then another 20 m east. Calculate his displacement relative to where he started. 46. 5 m, E + 66. 5 m, E 20 m, E MAGNITUDE relates to the size of the arrow and DIRECTION relates to the way the arrow is drawn

VECTOR APPLICATION SUBTRACTION: When two (2) vectors point in the OPPOSITE direction, simply subtract them. EXAMPLE: A man walks 46. 5 m east, then another 20 m west. Calculate his displacement relative to where he started. 46. 5 m, E 20 m, W 26. 5 m, E