Basic Electricity and Electronics Module One Basic Electricity

Basic Electricity n n Basic electricity and electronics starts with electrons Electrons are one of the three fundamental particles Electrons move to create electrical work Electronics is the study and use of systems that control the movement of electrons Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 2

Electrons and Charge n n How do we make electrons move? Electrons have a charge Like charges repel, unlike charges attract These forces make electrons move + F - F + - Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 3

Where do we get charge? n n Charge is a fundamental property of nature Electrons and protons have a charge Electron charge is negative Proton charge is positive Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 4

The Atom n n n The fundamental building block of all matter Made of protons, neutrons, and electrons The type of element is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 5

Voltage and Charge n n n Atoms are usually neutral because they have the same number of protons and electrons Charge builds up when electrons are separated from the atom Voltage is a measurement of force created by a buildup of charge Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 6

Voltage and Current n n n Voltage is the force created by a buildup of charge Also called a potential difference Voltage can make electrons move Electron movement is called current flow Current flow does the work in an electric circuit Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 7

Common Electrical Units The unit of charge is the COULOMB n Charge has the symbol Q, The unit of voltage is the VOLT n The symbol is V, The unit of current is the AMP n Current uses the symbol I, The unit of resistance is the OHM n Resistance has the symbol W, Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 8

Why use Electricity? n n n A good power source Easy to create Easy to control Efficient to transmit Easy to measure Makes everything work – our way of life depends on it Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 9

n n n An electric circuit must have a complete path from one side of a power supply (+V) to the other (-V) Voltage across a resistor creates current Voltage, current, and resistance follow a rule known as Ohm’s Law V I= R n Current equals voltage divided by resistance Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 10

A Simple Circuit Water vs Electrical Analogy Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All

n Calculating series and parallel resistance Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights

n n Electricity creates an electromagnetic wave also known as a radio signal Travels at the speed of light through air Travels at nearly the speed of light through a wire Historically most signals were analog and used AC principles Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. 13