Basic Anatomical Terminology Body Positions 1 Prone lying

Basic Anatomical Terminology

Body Positions 1. Prone = lying face down 2. Supine = lying face up 3. Anatomical Position = when the subject is standing facing the observer, facing forward, feet flat on floor, arms at side with palms turned forward

Regional Names 1. 2. 3. 4. Head – skull and face Neck – supports head, attached to trunk Trunk – chest, abdomen, pelvis Upper Limbs – shoulder, armpit, arm, wrist, hand 5. Lower Limbs – buttock, thigh, leg, ankle, foot

Planes and Sections Sagittal plane – vertical plane that divided the body into right and left halves a. Midsagittal (Medial) divides body into equal right and left halves b. Parasagittal plane – divides body into unequal right and left halves

Planes and Sections • Frontal (Coronal) plane – divides body into anterior (front) or posterior (back) portions

Planes and Sections • Transverse plane – horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves

Planes and Sections • Oblique plane – passes through the body at an angle

Directional Terms • Anterior – front of body • Posterior – back of body

Body Cavities ● ● Dorsal Body Cavity Posterior surface Two Subdivisions 1. Cranial cavity = contains brain 2. Vertebral canal = backbone and spinal cord

Body Cavities • Ventral Body Cavity Located near the ventral (anterior) surface: Two main subdivisions 1. Thoracic 2. Abdominopelvic

Thoracic cavity Three smaller cavities within Thoracic a. Pericardial – surrounds heart (filled with fluid) b. Pleural – surrounds each indiv. Lung (fluid filled) c. Mediastinum – lines the thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic Cavity Two Portions 1. Abdominal Cavity • Superior 2. Pelvic Cavity • Inferior

Abdominal Cavity (Superior Portion) • Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

Pelvic Cavity (Inferior Portion) • Contains urinary bladder, kidneys, portions of the large intestine, and internal organs of the reproductive system

Thoracic and Abdominal Cavity Membranes Serous Membranes – covers viscera (organs)within thoracic and abdominal cavities and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen Two Layers a. Parietal layer – lines the walls of the cavities b. Visceral layer – covers organs

Thoracic and Abdominal Cavity Membranes • Pleura – serous membrane of the pleural cavities � Pericardium – serous membrane of the pericardial cavity � Peritoneum – serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity