BAROQUE ART 1600 1700 Development of Baroque Music

BAROQUE ART 1600 -1700

Development of Baroque Music • Renaissance was expressive • Previous music was more structured • In what way do you think that was different than previous music? Why? What two groups controlled it? • Renaissance music had no real rules… just expressing emotions, dancing, expressing… • Baroque was an era that demanded rules – return to order • But… it’s endless… energy… wild… VERY DRAMATIC • Attempted to evoke passion and excitement, deep emotions • Why? What was going on during this era? • What groups would use music to draw out emotions? (for their cause)

Baroque music: 1600 to 1750 Followed Renaissance music Saw the creation of tonality (music in a particular key (tone)) Baroque likely seems more powerful and dramatic Key composers: Johann Sebastian Bach Antonio Vivaldi George Handel Johann Pachelbel

Baroque visual art reflected the music, and the era… In a word… DRAMATIC!

Baroque: reaction against artificial stylization of Mannerism Among the great Baroque masters: • Italian painter Caravaggio • Italian sculptor Bernini • Flemish painter Rubens • Spanish painting Velazquez • Dutch painter Rembrandt Characteristics: realistic subjects (historical characters in contemporary clothing) spectacular action powerful emotions Dramatic lighting (chiaroscuro) Bold asymmetric and diagonal compositions Often religious, mystical and historical subjects Often used as propaganda for the Church or State

The Stigmatization of Saint Francis Caravaggio 1596 (Oil on canvas) •

Supper at Emmaus Caravaggio, 1600 -1601 Oil on canvas 54 3/4 x 76 3/4 in. , National Gallery, London

Judith Beheading Holofernes Caravaggio, 1598, Rome Rembrandt Oil on canvas 56 3/4 x 76 3/4 in. van Rijn

Rembrandt van Rijn Storm on the Sea of Galilee

Rembrandt van Rijn Nightwatch Or… The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642

Judith Beheading Holofernes • Caravaggio • 1598 Oil on canvas 56 3/4 x 76 3/4 in. Galleria Nazionale dell'Arte Antica, Rome • Judith, (a woman embodying the power of the people of Israel to defeat the enemy, though superior in numbers, by means of cunning and courage) sought out Holofernes in his tent, got him drunk, then beheaded him. The sight of their commander's bloodstained head on the battlements put the enemy to flight. • The original bare breasts of Judith were later covered by the semi-transparent blouse

The Conversion of Saint Paul Caravaggio, 1600 -1601, Rome Oil on canvas 90 1/2 x 70 in

Flemish Baroque (This was the Catholic section of the Netherlands. Notice the Spanish and Counter-Reformation influence)

The Elevation of the Cross Peter Paul Rubens • 1610 -11 • Antwerp

The Descent from the Cross Peter Paul Rubens • 1611 -14 • Antwerp

Prometheus Bound Peter Paul Rubens 1610 / 1612 Philadelphia Museum of Art

Fall of Man Peter Paul Rubens 1629 Prado, Spain

Three Graces Peter Paul Rubens 1635 Prado, Spain

See the influence from Renaissance? Bottocelli’s Primavera, 1482

Groups #1: How is Baroque Art different than Renaissance Art?

Groups #2: How is Baroque Art similar to Renaissance Art?

Groups #3: How is Baroque Art a reaction to Renaissance Art?

Groups #4: How does Baroque Art show us something about the era of Absolutism?

Groups #5: Why would The Counter Reformation choose Baroque Art as its tool to get people back into Catholicism?

Groups #6: What aspects of Baroque Art helps us to grasp the socio-political climate of this era?

For all Groups: Compare Baroque art to two leaders in Europe who are exemplified in the tone of this art form. Explain.