Barbara Schleihagen Miriam Schriefers German Library Association EBooks

Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers, German Library Association E-Books in German Public Libraries: business model with aggregators and others NAPLE seminar on e-book business models for public libraries, 13 May 2013, Milano

Background: German e-book market • 2011: 4, 7 Mio e-books sold (2010: 2 Mio) • 2011: 757. 000 e-book buyers (2010: 540. 000) • 2012: 2, 4 % of the customer book market (2011: 1%) • 2012: 6, 2% of the total turnover in publishing • 2015: 17% of total turnover in publishing expected • available now are about 741. 424 titles (Libreka) (Source: German Publishers and Booksellers Association, 07. 05. 2013) Folie 2 • 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Background: German public libraries • 82 Mio inhabitants • 8, 131 public libraries altogether: professionally led (2. 100) and voluntarily run (6. 000) public libaries • 7, 9 Mio readers are registered public library users • 125 Mio patrons visit our public libraries each year • 124 Mio media units are held by our public libraries • 380 Mio media units are borrowed in pl by users/year • Statistical data of 2011 (DBS) Folie 3 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Two aggregators in Germany: Ciando e. Books • takeoff in 2003 for scientific libraries • since 2011/12 also available for public libraries • used by 50 public libraries (2013) • 200. 000 e-books • 1. 000 audiobooks Folie 4 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Two aggregators in Germany: Divibib Gmb. H • Digital virtual libraries started in 2007 • only for public libraries, no commercial offer yet, library pass needed for use • 2012: participation of 670 public libraries of 2. 100 professionally run libraries (2013: 1. 000 expected) • 2012: 4 Mio loans • 2012: 60. 000 media units (e-magazines, e-papers, e-books, audiobooks, music and videos) Folie 5 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

E-lending in German public libraries: Divibib Gmb. H § Offers complete service with all components (comparable to US-aggregator „Over. Drive“): § § § Implementation of online platform as digital library branch Internet based service without installation needed Technical support for running services Negotiation of licences and distribution of digital contents Subject indexing and delivery of catalogue entries in MAB 2 Small libraries offer divibib in a network with others Folie 6 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

How it works: Registered library users… § visit homepage of local library § log-in with personal data before lending § browse digital content (format, topic, full text) § put interesting materials into library basket § download of materials to PC/e-book reader (no streaming, Digital Rights Management in place) § library determines length of lending/no. of items (2 -4 weeks, filing extension possible when no other reservation) Folie 7 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen

Business model Divibib Gmb. H one supplier that negotiates on behalf of libraries § single platform for delivery to the user § package possible (e. g. the whole offer by Penguin), individual titles possible § current most common business model: M-Licence = one digital copy to one reader at a time § Folie 8 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Business model Divibib Gmb. H New Licensing models: • L-Licence: augmented availability for titles that are 2 years or older, also former M-Licence books • XL-Licence: parallel downloads for current titles possible for an extra price. If all titles are „on loan“, 2 M-licences are automatically available (classic single download) Folie 9 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Selection of e-books • almost all books are available to public libraries for the same price as for customer • window time for some titles • over 650 publishers (2. 220 total) are offering their ematerial! • one big publishing house is missing (Holtzbrinck group – Rowohlt, Klett-Cotta etc. , own comercial offer „Skoobe“) • on the whole, continous good dialogue with all publishers Folie 10 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Ownership, long term access, preservation § digital preservation is not a public library task in Germany (modernisation of 10% of the public libraries‘ stock each year) § e-books are not owned by public library § access to e-books via licences, no long term access § purchase of e-books and digital long term copy only relevant for scientific libraries Folie 11 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Pricing • licence at same prices for public libraries (M-licence) as for end costumer • one publisher (Beck) asks for triple price, this seems to be unlawful • conversion from loan to sell models: no „buy it“ links yet, but possible Folie 12 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Access on site • remote access for all registered library users coming from the libraries‘ serving area • constraints on access: analogue model for digital world = one copy for one user (friction strategies) • amount of loans: if any then set by libraries Folie 13 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Distribution platform • platform owned by Divibib Gmb. H • managed by Divibib Gmb. H • cost unknown (business secret) Folie 14 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Integration in library environment • library catalogue: some library software producers offer interface; Divi. B offers MAB & MARC data and media covers for integration into catalogues => maximum of visibility of the digital offer • LMS (Library Management System) in place to check the user‘s identification and his library registration • Apps for i. Pad, i. Phone and Android platform available only for e-books in e-Pub Folie 15 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Visibility • Marketing tools available from Divi. Bib: digital frames, bookmarks, posters, stickers and labels on media, giveaways, flyer, postcards… • increased local media work at various occasions: new ebook reader, new offers, new applications… • increased advertisement in Internet: Homepage, Facebook, Twitter, Blog, You. Tube, mailing… • integration in reference service and training offers Folie 16 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Commercial business models for E-Book lending § § Amazon. de: takeoff in 10/2012; lending-system; limited for prime patrons; one e-book for free per month; proprietary software for Kindle reader; 8. 500 german titles Libreka! : takeoff in 10/2012, lending-system for end customers by German Publishers and Booksellers Association; test phase; 760 titles; lending time 4 weeks; price setting by publishers with rebate system Skoobe: takeoff in 02/2012; subscription-system for end customers; flatrate: 9, 99 Euro/month; joint venture by Arvato, Random. House and Holtzbrinck; simultaneous loan of 5 titles possible; available for i. Phone, i. Pad, Android or Kindle Fire; 20. 000 titles Paper C: takeoff in 2013, evolution of a subscription-system for end customers, only scientific and educational books; flatrate: 29, 99 Euro/month; about 400 publishers Folie 17 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

E-lending legal framework • (Copyright): Exhaustion should be extended to electronic books so that libraries won‘t depend on the publishers‘ offer • Reduced VAT should also be applied for e-books Folie 18 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers

Thank you! Barbara Schleihagen schleihagen@bibliotheksverband. de www. bibliotheksverband. de Folie 19 13. 05. 2013 German Library Association | Barbara Schleihagen, Miriam Schriefers