Baltic and Nordic leave policies Johanna LammiTaskula Leave

Baltic and Nordic leave policies Johanna Lammi-Taskula Leave Policies and Research seminar, Tallinn 18. -19. 9. 2014 7. 3. 2021 1

GNI per capita (2012/2013) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Sweden 7. 3. 2021 Finland Estonia Source: World Bank Latvia Lithuania 2

Poverty rate (50 % median income , 2010) 7. 3. 2021 Source: OECD 3

Employment rate 2009 -2013 (20 -64 yrs) 85 80 Sweden/men 75 Sweden/women Finland/women 70 Estonia/men Estonia/women 65 Lithuania/men Lithuania/women 60 Latvia/men Latvia/women 55 50 2009 7. 3. 2021 2013 Source: Eurostat 4

Part-time employment 2013 (15 -64 yrs) 7. 3. 2021 Esityksen nimi / Tekijä 5

Leave schemes in Estonia, Lithuania, Finland Sweden (2014) 180 160 140 parents/ unpaid 120 parents/ flat 100 weeks parents/ inc 80 60 fathers / inc 40 mothers / inc 20 0 Estonia 7. 3. 2021 Lithuania Finland Sweden Johanna Lammi-Taskula 6

Leave schemes if 100% equivalent salary replacement 90 80 70 60 50 parents / low weeks parents /high 40 fathers mothers 30 20 10 0 Estonia 7. 3. 2021 Lithuania Finland Sweden Johanna Lammi-Taskula 7

Take up of leave by fathers (%) paternity leave parental leave Estonia 38 5 -10? ? 5 Finland 84 32 Sweden 75 88 Lithuania 7. 3. 2021 Source: LPRN Country reports 2014 8

From Soviet model to Nordic model? (Karu 2011) • Employment The soviet model of gender equality was rejected as it was forcing everybody to employment. Freedom of choice for mothers (not to work) was celebrated, why not for fathers? • Childcare The soviet model actually enabled stay-at-home motherhood until the child was 3, but there were daycare places available. As many daycare centres were closed, there was actually no longer a ”freedom of choice”. • Fathers were given leave rights after independence, but the take -up was low and fathercare was opposed by pediatricians. What is the role of EU-membership for fathers’ leave rights? 7. 3. 2021 Johanna Lammi-Taskula 9