Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism Chapter 7 Who was

Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism Chapter 7

Who was Eli Whitney? • Inventor of the Cotton Gin which increased the need for slavery • Interchangeable parts revolutionized manufacturing and mass production in the North. • Industrial Revolutiontransition from handmade to machine made goods.

What are examples of the Industrial Revolution in the United States? • Samuel Slater- textile factory system • Lowell Factoryyoung women worked and lived in the company town. • No workers rights and lack of safety.

What were the two economic systems in America? • North- factories, manufacturing, and small farms not dependent on slavery. • South- Cotton is King, cash crops, agricultural society, slavery is a way of life.

What was Henry Clay’s American System? • Develop transportation systems and internal improvements (Erie Canal and National Road • Tariff of 1816 - tax on foreign goods • Creating a Second National Bank

What were the important coure cases of the Marshall Court? Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)gave federal government control of interstate trade. Mc. Culloch v. Maryland (1819)- States could not tax the federal government. Fletcher v. Peck and Dartmouth v. Woodward - dealt with contract law. Federal power strengthened under the Marshall court.

What was the Adams Onis Treaty (1819)? • Spain gave Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to Oregon.

What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)? • President Monroe warned all outside powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere. • U. S. would not involve itself in European Affairs. • U. S. foreign policy for many years to come.

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820? • Debate about westward expansion and balance between free and slaves states. • Henry Clay wrote the Compromise. • Maine would be a free state and Missouri would be a slave state. • All states North of the 36 30 line would be free and south slave. • Louisiana Purchase split in half free and slave.

What do you need to know about James Monroe? • 5 th President of U. S. from Virginia (18171825) • Monroe Doctrine • Era of Good Feelings • Missouri Compromise • Marshall Court

What do I need to know about John Quincy Adams? • 6 th President of the U. S. (1825 -1829) • Son of John Adams • Became President by the corrupt bargain where Henry Clay swung the election in the House of Representatives. • Unsuccessful Presidency

Why was Andrew Jackson such an important President? • First Common Man President (from Tennessee) (1829 -1837) • Spoils system- appointed friends and political supporters to jobs. • Trail of Tears- Indian Removal Act forced Cherokee Indians on a 800 mile trip from Georgia to Oklahoma. 25% of Cherokee die.

What happened in the case Worcester V. Georgia (1832)? • Supreme Court ruled that Georgia had not right to the Cherokee land. • Jackson disobeyed the Court and still ordered the removal of the Cherokee and forcing the Trail of Tears.

What was debate of tariffs about? • John C. Calhoun (Jackson’s VP) called the Tariff of 1828 the Tariff of Abominations. He wanted to nullify (or disobey federal law) • The South did not want high tariffs because of their trade relationship with Britain. • North businesses approved of the tariff. • Threatened to leave or secede the Union.

What was the Hayne and Webster Debate? • Robert Hayne(South Carolina)- preached states’ rights and opposed tariff. • Daniel Webster of Massachusetts- supported federal government authority over the states. • 1833 - Henry Clay came up with a compromise that would lower tariffs gradually.

Why was Jackson so opposed to the Bank of United States? • Saw the Bank as an elitist institution. • Personal feelings of dislike towards Henry Clay and Nicholas Biddle • Put federal money in PET banks and destroyed the Bank.

What do I need to know about Martin Van Buren? • 8 th President (18371841) • Panic of 1837 economic depression caused by the destruction of the Bank of the U. S. • Miserable presidency

What do I need to know about William Henry Harrison? • • 9 th President (1841) War Hero Political campaigning Died of pneumonia one month after inauguration.

What do I need to know about John Tyler? • 10 th President (18411845) • From Virginia • Opposed many of the Whig programs • Lost support of his own political party.

What were the beliefs of the Whig Party? • Backed the American System of Henry Clay • For the protective tariff • Wanted to build federal roads and canals • Wanted a stronger banking system

What was the 2 nd Great Awakening? • Led by Charles Finney • Promoted individualism and responsibility • Led revivals • Brought Christianity to African Americans • Centers of democratic thought • Creation of new churches: example: Unitarians

What is transcendentalism? • A philosophy and literary movement that emphasizes nature and living a simple life. • Ralph Waldo Emerson. N. England writer. • Henry David Thoreaucivil disobedience and self -reliance.

What were examples of utopian communities? • Trying to create the perfect place. • Brook Farm- many famous writers and artists lived here. (Nathaniel Hawthorne) • Shakers- believed men and women were equal, vowed not to marry or have children so they relied on converts. Only 7 remiain in the U. S. today.

Who was Dorothea Dix? • Led both prison reform and wanted to improve treatment for the mentally ill. • Rehabilitation instead of punishment

Who was Horace Mann? • Father of Public Education • Wanted all children to go school • Tax supported schools

What was the abolitionist movement? • Began in the 1820’s to call for an end of slavery • William Lloyd Garrison • Frederick Douglass • Sojourner Truth

Who was William Lloyd Garrison? • Abolitionist • Newspaper called the Liberator • Wanted immediate emancipation (freedom) for slaves.

Who was Frederick Douglass? • Former slave turned abolitionist • Newspaper called the North Star • Acted as the voice of emancipation

What was life like as a rural slave? • Men, women, and children worked in the fields from dawn to dusk. • Large plantations • Sold from family • Beaten by masters and overseers

What was life like as an urban slave? • Worked in special skill positions like blacksmith or carpentry. • Hired out by masters and some even got keep a small wage. • More freedom than living on a plantation

Who was Nat Turner? • Led a slave rebellion in Southampton, VA • Attacked 4 plantations and killed 60 whites before being captured. • Scared slave owners and tighten hold on slaves (could not read or write)