Balancing Chemical Equations Unit 2 Lecture 8 Chemical

Balancing Chemical Equations Unit 2 – Lecture 8

Chemical Equations A shorthand way to describe a chemical reaction using chemical symbols and formulae Three Parts to a Chemical Equation Reactants substances present before the reaction Yield Arrow indicates the direction of a reaction some rxns are reversible [double-sided arrow] Products substances present after the reaction

Chem. Equations – cont’d Chemical symbols give a “before-and-after” picture of a chemical reaction Reactants Mg. O + Products C magnesium oxide to form reacts with carbon CO + Mg carbon monoxide and magnesium or… magnesium oxide reacting with carbon yields carbon monoxide and magnesium

Chemical Equations – cont’d Coefficient – (large) # in front of an element applies to all elements in the group to the right of it ex: 4 C 4 carbon atoms ex: 5 KI 5 potassium atoms & 5 iodine atoms ex: 4 SO 4 4 Sulfur atoms & 16 Oxygen atoms (4 x 4)

Chemical Equations – cont’d Subscript – (small) # to the lower right of an element applies only to the element it is attached to if outside of parentheses [(XY)3] applies to everything inside of parentheses ex: H 2 2 hydrogen atoms ex: CO 2 1 carbon atom, 2 oxygen atoms ex: (SO 4)3 3 Sulfur atoms (1 x 3), 12 Oxygen atoms (4 x 3)

Chemical Equations - cont’d Try this: Al 2(SO 4)3 Aluminum? 2 atoms Sulfur? 3 atoms Oxygen? 12 atoms (4 x 3)

Chemical Equations reactants 4 Al (s) + 3 O 2 (g) and products ---> 2 Al 2 O 3 (s) coefficients The letters (s), (g), and (l) are the physical states of compounds.

Symbols Used in Equations Solid (s) Liquid (l) Gas (g) Aqueous solution (aq) (dissolved in water) H 2 SO 4 or Pt Catalyst Escaping gas ( ) Change of temperature/ heat energy ( or + 3 k. J or – 3 k. J) *there is no subtraction…a negative sign means released/exothermic

Balancing Chem Equations Law of Conservation of Matter matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, it is conserved biology: energy is lost, matter is RECYCLED (changed from one thing to another) ie, if you begin a reaction with 5 atoms of Hydrogen, you must end up with 5 atoms of Hydrogen

Balancing – cont’d Balanced = same # of each element on each side Al + S 2 Al + 3 S Al 2 S 3 Unbalanced Balanced

Balanced or Unbalanced? C 3 H 8 + 5 O 2 4 H 2 O + 3 CO 2 Carbon? = 3 vs 3 Hydrogen? = 8 vs 8 Oxygen = 10 vs 10 (4 + 6) Is it balanced? Yes.

Balanced or Unbalanced? Fe 3 O 4 + H 2 Iron = 3 vs 1 Oxygen = 4 vs 1 Hydrogen = 2 vs 2 Fe + H 2 O Is it balanced? No. So, now what?

Balancing a Chemical Reaction Unequal? Balance Coefficients. [can’t change subscripts] you can treat Polyatomic Ions as one if they appear on both sides of the equation like (SO 4) in parentheses change your greatest inequality first leave solitary elements for last

Practice Fe 3 O 4 + H 2 Fe + 3 Fe 1 4 O 1 2 H 2 O

Practice Complete the two problems on the front of your sheet. 2 2 1 ____H + ____O 2 2 ____H 2 O 2 1 1 2 ____Cl 2 + ____Na. Br ____Br 2 + ____Na. Cl