Balance Theory Description Fritz Heider originated Balance Theory

Balance Theory ทฤษฎความสมดล Description • Fritz Heider originated Balance Theory • How people develop their relationships with other people and with things in their environment. • Balance Theory says that if people see a set of cognitive elements as being a system, then they will have a preference to maintain a balanced state among these elements. • In other words, if we feel we are 'out of balance', then we are motivated to restore a position of balance. • The felt discomfort at imbalance will increase with the strength of the attitude and the overall interest in the matter.

Balance Theory )1( P + o )2( P + - Heider (1958) illuminated this thus: Balanced: P+O, P+X, O+X: Jim likes Jane, Jim likes skiing, Jane likes skiing. my friend’s friend is my friend’s enemy is my enemy’s friend is my enemy’s enemy is my friend Unbalanced: P+O, P-X, O+X: Jim likes Jane, Jim does not like skiing, Jane likes skiing. เพอนของฉนคอเพอนของฉ น ศตรของเพอนฉนคอศตร ของฉน เพอนของศตรของฉนคอศ ตรของฉน x + o Example x + + ทฤษฎความสมดล

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Cognitive Dissonance Theory ทฤษฎไมสอดคลองทางการรบร (Cognitive Dissonance Theory( Leon Festinger )1957( • ทฤษฎทมการกลาวถงอยางมากในกลมทฤษฎจตวทยาสงคม ในปจจบน • การแสดงออกทไมสอดคลองกบความเชอและทศนคต Cognitive dissonance theory is based on 3 fundamental assumptions 1. Humans are sensitive to inconsistencies between actions and beliefs. 2. Recognition of this inconsistency will cause dissonance, and will motivate an individual to resolve the dissonance. 3. Dissonance will be resolved in one of three basic ways. • Change beliefs • Change action • Change perception of action

Cognitive Dissonance Theory ทฤษฎไมสอดคลองทางการรบร Cognitive dissonance theory is based on 3 fundamental assumptions 1. Humans are sensitive to inconsistencies between actions and beliefs. According to theory, we all recognize, at some level, when we are acting in a way that is inconsistent with our beliefs/attitudes/opinions. In effect, there is a built in alarm that goes off when we notice such an inconsistency, whether we like it or not. For example, if you have a belief that it is wrong to cheat, yet you find yourself cheating on a test, you will notice and be affected by this inconsistency.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory ทฤษฎไมสอดคลองทางการรบร Cognitive dissonance theory is based on 3 fundamental assumptions 2. Recognition of this inconsistency will cause dissonance, and will motivate an individual to resolve the dissonance. Once you recognize that you have violated one of your principles, according to this theory, you won’t just say “oh well”. You will feel some sort of mental anguish about this. The degree of dissonance, of course, will vary with the importance of your belief/attitude/principle and with the degree of inconsistency between your behavior and this belief. In any case, according to theory, the greater the dissonance the more you will be motivated to resolve it.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory ทฤษฎไมสอดคลองทางการรบร Cognitive dissonance theory is based on 3 fundamental assumptions 3. Dissonance will be resolved in one of three basic ways. • Change beliefs You could, of course, just decide that cheating is o. k. This would take care of any dissonance. Therefore, though this is the simplest option for resolving dissonance it’s probably not the most common.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory ทฤษฎไมสอดคลองทางการรบร Cognitive dissonance theory is based on 3 fundamental assumptions 3. Dissonance will be resolved in one of three basic ways. • Change action guilt and anxiety can be motivators for changing behavior. So, you may say to yourself that you will never cheat on a test again, and this may aid in resolving the dissonance.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory ทฤษฎไมสอดคลองทางการรบร Cognitive dissonance theory is based on 3 fundamental assumptions 3. Dissonance will be resolved in one of three basic ways. • Change perception of action change the way you view/remember/perceive your action. In more colloquial terms, you would “rationalize” your actions.

Co-Orientation Theory