BAHRIA COLLEGE ISLAMABAD GENERAL SCIENCE new lower secondary
BAHRIA COLLEGE ISLAMABAD GENERAL SCIENCE (new lower secondary science 1) CLASS VI MISS IQRA AKRAM
FIRST TERM SYLLABUS • UNIT 3: Time, Rate and Speed • UNIT 7: Living in our changing world • UNIT 8: Manufacturing- From Raw material to useful products • UNIT 24: Smoking Kills‼
UNIT 8: Manufacturing- From Raw material to useful products
Qno 1: Define manufacturing also give example. • Ans: Manufacturing is the process of conversion of raw material into useful product by chemical reaction. • For example: cement is very useful building material manufactured from raw materials such as • limestone + clay + water = cement
Manufacturing of cement • Step 1: Mining. . • Step 2: Crushing of raw materials. . • Step 3: Raw meal drying, grinding, and homogenization. . • Step 4: Cement grinding and storage. . • Step 5: Packing. •
What are sources of raw material? • The term "raw material" denotes materials in unprocessed or minimally processed states; e. g • Raw material come from sources which are located underground, on the ground above the ground. • E. g living thing = source of raw material • wood = Raw material • paper = product
Learn some sources of raw material and their useful product pg. # 87
Raw material and their useful products • • • From air From rocks From living things From water From fossil fuels
From Air pg. # 88 Raw material= nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide What are the uses of following gases given below? • NITROGEN: used in manufacture of fertilizers, ammonia( nylon), nitric acid(manufacture of explosive fire works. • OXYGEN: used for breathing or mixed with fuels to produce hot flames. • CARBONDIOXIDE: used for fire fighting, manufacturing fizzy drinks
Noble gases What are the use of the following noble gases? • Noble gases such as helium, argon and neon are used for various purpose. • Helium: use to fill helium balloons. • Neon: used in advertising lights • Argon: electric bulbs are filled with argon
From Rocks: pg 90 What are the raw materials comes from the rock? • mud, granite, lime stone and marble are raw material comes from rock. Write down the uses of following raw material ? Mud: mud was used to build houses in Africa. Granite: granite was used to build this house in china. Limestone: huge blocks of limestone were use to built the pyramids in Egypt. White marble: was use to built Taj Mahal in India.
From water • 91 Water =itself raw material pg. Q: why water itself known as raw material ? A: water itself is very important raw material because it can dissolve many substances. It is used in making variety of foodstuff , drinks and other products. e. g : from sea water We obtain sodium chloride which is used in cooking and the manufacture of other useful chemicals.
From living things: pg. 92 • Many raw material can also be obtained from plant and animals. • For example: Coconut Tree Coconut = eat , obtained milk from it , oil from copra. Coconut water = with in fruit provides cool drink. Husk= used to make brushes Coconut stem= used as a fuel for burning. Trunk= used in constructing buildings, boats etc.
The cow story pg. 93 • milk= used as drinking , making all kinds of dairy product, such as butter. • Flesh= provide meat or food. • Skin= making leather good such as bag , belt and shoes.
From Fossils Fuels 94 pg. • Define fuel and fossil fuel. Fuel: a fuel is a substance that burns to release energy in form of heat and light. Fossil fuel : fossils are the remain of animals or plants which have turned to stones. Fossil fuels are the fuel formed over million of year from fossils and they are naturally deposited deep below the earth’s surface. For example: crude oil, natural gas, coal
What are the raw material and products obtained from crude oil? • • Paraffin: it is used to make solvents for paints. Wax : it is used to make candles. Gasoline: is used to make care fuels. Petroleum jelly: it is used to make cosmetics.
What are the raw materials and product obtained from natural gas? • Methane: it is used to heat homes and cook food. • Sulphur : it is used to make sulphuric acid. • Ethane: it is used to making ethane for making plastics.
What are the raw material and products obtained from coal? • Coal tar: it is used to make antiseptic soap. • Ammonia: it is used to make fertilizers. • Coke: it is used as blast furnaces or making metals.
What is plastics ? What do you know about its type? Pg. 95 • Plastics are man made raw materials which can be shaped into almost any form and has wide range of color and hardness. • Types of plastic: • Pvc = polyvinyl chloride • Polystyrene • Polythene • bakelite
Define recycling. Pg. 97 • Some waste material can be recovered and used again. The reprocessing of waste materials for reuse is called recycling. • FOR EXAMPE=paper, plastic and water.
Review Questions • Qno 1: name an important feature of manufacturing. Ans: an important feature of manufacturing process is the conversion of raw material into useful products by chemical reaction. For example: lime stone+ clay+ water = cement.
Qno 2: complete the table below. Pg. 98 Sources of materials Raw materials Products ( 3 example) Living things wood, milk, cotton Paper, dairy products, clothes
QNO 3: ANS= B. PLASTICS • QNO 4: which type of plastic are of each product shown below made of? • • • a) pvc polyvinyl chloride b) Bakelite c) polysterene d) + e) polythene QNO 5: see slide no 20.
Thank you
- Slides: 24