Bacterial Survey Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol
Bacterial Survey Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol 1 – Gram negatives Vol 2 – Gram positives Vol 3 – Cyano’s, Archaebacteria, & other G –’s Vol 4 - Actinomycetes
Vol 1 distinguishes 11 groups of Gram negatives based on: • • • Morphology Motility Mechanism of motility O 2 relationship +/- cell wall Parasitic requirement
1) Spirochetes – includes many species + 3 important pathogens • Helical w/ axial filament • Ubiquitous in nature • Pathogens include: – Treponema – Borrelia – Leptospira • Many symbionts – form mutualistic associations – Hindguts of termites – Digestive tracts of mollusks – Oral cavities of animals
Spirochetes: a) Treponema Primary stage Secondary stage • Rich history • Treponematosis – venereal and non-venereal forms – Syphilis – Bejel, Yaws Tertiary stage • Syphilis either progresses through a series of stages to debilitation/death or terminates (self-limited) • Transmission via: – Sexual contact – Casual contact – Congenital contact
Syphilis: Occurrence, tests and treatment • ~50, 00 cases/yr (CDC) • Tests: – 1º stage – microscopic exam – 2º stage –serological (VDRL. RPR) • ELISA using VDRL antigen specific for Ig. G/Ig. M • Treatment: – Benzathine penicillin – Doxycycline/tetracycline – Azithromycin
Spirochetes: b) Borrelia Primary stage vector Secondary stage • Zoonosis – white-tailed deer and deer mouse reservoir • Tick vector • 1º stage – bulls eye rash & flu-like symptoms • 2º stage – arthritis persistent fatigue
Lyme disease: Occurrence, tests and treatment • ~10, 000 cases/yr (CDC) • ELISA test • Tetracycline, Azithromycin, chloramphenicol • Prevention centered on insect vector – Check skin periodically – DEET
Tick removal
Spirochetes: c) Leptospira • Occupational disease of workers in contact with animal urine • Poor sanitary conditions • Outdoor enthusiasts • Exposure through cuts, mucous membrane, ingestion • Two phases of symptoms – Initially, Flu-like – Later involvement of liver/kidneys
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