BacteriaHost Relationships opportunistic primary pathogens commensals BacteriaHost Relationships

Bacteria-Host Relationships opportunistic primary pathogens commensals

Bacteria-Host Relationships opportunistic primary pathogens commensals

Genetic differences between pathogens and non-pathogens 1. Genes present in pathogens, absent in non-pathogens. 2. Genes present in non-pathogens, absent in pathogens. 3. Allelic differences in genes present in pathogens and non-pathogens. 4. Differences in regulation and expression of identical genes present 5. in pathogens and non-pathogens.

Fig. 3. B. cereus G 9241 capsule Bacillus anthracis Hoffmaster, Alex R. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8449 -8454 Copyright © 2004 by the National Academy of Sciences

Fig. 2. Unrooted, neighbor-joining tree derived from multiple-locus sequence typing of B. cereus G 9241 and other Bacillus spp Relationship of B. anthracis to B. cereus Hoffmaster, Alex R. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8449 -8454 Copyright © 2004 by the National Academy of Sciences

Plasmids of B. anthracis p. XO 1 p. XO 2 toxins capsule cya atx. A pag. R lef cap. BCA + acp. A + chromosomal spo gene

Fig. 1. (A-B) Circular representations of the plasmids of B. cereus G 9241 Lethal toxin plasmid in B. cereus

Similarity between type III and flagellar assembly

Type III

Ruffling triggered by Shigella

Invasion and Spread of Shigella

Shigella Actin Comets

Shigella-mediated actin polymerization

Autotransporter OM Insertion and Secretion

Deletion of cab. A enhances virulence of Shigella E. coli strains have cab. A (lysine decarboxylase) Shigella strains are deleted for the cab. A region cab. A attenuates virulence “Black Holes”

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)

Adherence-associated phenotypes of Aa LAP strain CU 1000

flp flp-1 -2 The complete tight adherence locus tad. V rcp. C rcp. A rcp. B tad. Z tad. A tad. B tad. C tad. D tad. E tad. F 13 of 14 genes are required for adherence and fibril biogenesis tad. G

Model for the tad Type II Secretion System Tad. V Flp-1 Rcp. A Tad. Z Tad. C Tad. B Tad. A

Fibril matrix for Aa adherence

Adherent Aa colonies

Aa Aa Pm Pm Hd Hd Yp Cc Ct Cl Sm p. Sym Sm At Af Pa Ps Bp Bp Ml Ml Ml Mb Mt Cd Sc Sc Sc

plasmids

tad Loci in Other Bacteria • Caulobacter crescentus - pili • Haemophilus ducreyi - chancroid • Pasteurella multocida - virulence • Vibrio fischeri - colonization of squid light organ • Vibrio vulnificus - shellfish, virulence