Bacteria vs Archaea Bacteria vs Archaea Classification of
Bacteria vs. Archaea
Bacteria vs. Archaea
Classification of Bacteria and Archaea Classification 3 based on shapes: a) Cocci = spherical b) Bacilli = rods c) Spirilli = spirals Aggregation: tendency to group together
Classification based on the cell wall Peptidoglycan Chain-link combination of alternating amino acids and sugars Gives Link rigidity to the cell wall to Penicillin affects the final formation of peptidoglycan binds to the molecule and stops the cell wall construction (destroying the bacteria)
The importance of the Gram Stain Bacteria only Pink stain Gram – Majority of bacteria Thin protein layer on their cell wall Purple stain Gram + Thick protein layer on their cell wall Information used in determining which antibiotics to
Classification based on nutrition Some ex. bacteria use photosynthesis Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Archaea use chemosynthesis produce ex. Both methane (methanogenesis) digestive tract of cows heterotrophs decomposers
Classification based on habitat Both live in aerobic and anaerobic conditions Bacteria mostly mesophiles environments are moderate, not extreme Archaea can be extremophiles live in extreme habitats deep sea vents, hot springs volcanic salt crater & mine drainage lakes
Reproduction of Archaea and Bacteria Binary fission: Result: cells with the same genetic material Process: - Makes copies of its single chromosome - Cell elongates - Builds a partition (septum)
Conjugation in less optimal condition ability to exchange DNA results in cells with new genetic material
Endospores (bacteria only) Creation of a hard walled structure that protect the genetic material Resistant to high temperatures, freezing, drying, toxic chemicals and radiation Results in bacteria being able to remain dormant for very long periods of time
Bacteria vs. Archaea Summary Bacteria Shape Cell wall Cocci- spherical With Peptidogly can Bacilli – rod Cocci- spherical Bacilli – rod Spirilli - spiral shape Autotrophs (photosynthesis) Habitat Mostly mesophiles Reproduction Survival Tactics Binary fission Conjugation Endospores Heterotrophs (predation) Spirilli- spiral shape Archaea Nutrition Without peptidogly can Autotrophs (chemosynthesis) ex. methanogenesis Heterotrophs (predation) Some extremophiles Binary fission Conjugation
Archaea and biotechnology Archaea are currently used for: Sewage treatment Archaeaocin Enzyme (new antibiotics) production Due to The extreme conditions they inhabit Low lactose milk Cloning DNA
Bacteria in Biotechnology Bacteria Food are currently used for Production Cheese, yogurt Production of antibiotics Natural pesticides
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